{ "name": "GenetixBay cannabis glossary", "version": 1, "generated": "2026-10-31T15:19:14Z", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/", "license": { "name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "attribution": "GenetixBay Knowledge Base (genetixbay.com/knowledge)" }, "count": 759, "categories": [ { "id": "plant-biology", "name": "Plant biology", "description": "Anatomy, physiology, sex and life cycle", "count": 62 }, { "id": "genetics-breeding", "name": "Genetics and breeding", "description": "Inheritance, generations, selection and stabilisation", "count": 84 }, { "id": "cultivation-training", "name": "Cultivation and training", "description": "Propagation, containers, training and canopy", "count": 54 }, { "id": "environment-light", "name": "Environment and light", "description": "Light metrics, schedules, climate and airflow", "count": 56 }, { "id": "nutrients", "name": "Nutrients", "description": "Every element, the common salts and chelates", "count": 76 }, { "id": "ph-ec", "name": "pH, EC and water", "description": "pH, conductivity scales, water quality and meters", "count": 35 }, { "id": "systems", "name": "Systems and media", "description": "Soil, coco, rockwool and every hydro system", "count": 48 }, { "id": "pests-diseases", "name": "Pests and diseases", "description": "Pests, pathogens, beneficials and IPM, with scientific names", "count": 98 }, { "id": "harvest-cure", "name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "description": "Ripeness, drying, water activity, curing and storage", "count": 33 }, { "id": "processing", "name": "Processing", "description": "Hash, rosin, kief and concentrates: definitions only", "count": 30 }, { "id": "chemistry", "name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "description": "Chemistry and names, no medical claims", "count": 49 }, { "id": "lab-testing", "name": "Lab testing", "description": "COAs, potency maths, detection limits and lab shopping", "count": 28 }, { "id": "slang-culture", "name": "Grower slang and culture", "description": "What growers actually say, decoded", "count": 62 }, { "id": "legal", "name": "Legal and regulatory", "description": "Generic definitions: always check local rules", "count": 27 }, { "id": "genetixbay", "name": "GenetixBay terms", "description": "GB-ID, evidence levels, Pearls, the Swap, Bay Trials and more", "count": 17 } ], "terms": [ { "id": "kb-term-12-12", "slug": "12-12", "term": "12/12", "aka": [ "12-12", "12/12 light cycle", "twelve twelve", "12 on 12 off", "flip to 12/12", "the flip" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "12/12 is the classic flowering schedule for photoperiod cannabis: 12 hours of light and 12 hours of uninterrupted darkness, which triggers and sustains flowering.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/12-12.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/12-12.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "13-11", "18-6", "photoperiod", "light-leak", "dli" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-photoperiod-light-leaks", "kb-basics-photoperiod-vs-autoflower" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-13-11", "slug": "13-11", "term": "13/11", "aka": [ "13-11", "13/11 light cycle", "13 hours light", "13 on 11 off", "extended flower photoperiod" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "13/11 is a flowering schedule of 13 hours light and 11 hours dark; GenetixBay endorses it, as most cultivars still flower while gaining extra daily light.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/13-11.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/13-11.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "12-12", "sunrise-sunset-ramp", "dli", "photoperiod" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-photoperiod-light-leaks" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-18-6", "slug": "18-6", "term": "18/6", "aka": [ "18-6", "18/6 light cycle", "18 on 6 off", "eighteen six", "18 hours light" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "18/6 is the standard vegetative light schedule: 18 hours of light and 6 hours of darkness each day, keeping photoperiod cannabis from flowering.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/18-6.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/18-6.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "24-0", "12-12", "photoperiod", "dli" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-photoperiod-light-leaks", "kb-basics-photoperiod-vs-autoflower" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-24-0", "slug": "24-0", "term": "24/0", "aka": [ "24-0", "24/0 light cycle", "24 hours light", "lights on 24/7", "continuous light" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "24/0 means lights on 24 hours a day with no dark period; GenetixBay endorses it for veg, as cannabis does not need a sleep period before flowering.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/24-0.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/24-0.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "18-6", "12-12", "photoperiod", "dli" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-photoperiod-light-leaks" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-420", "slug": "420", "term": "420", "aka": [ "4/20", "four-twenty", "4:20", "April 20", "420 friendly" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "420 is cannabis culture shorthand for cannabis itself and for April 20, celebrated as an unofficial cannabis day.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/420.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/420.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "marijuana", "heady", "connoisseur" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-60-60-rule", "slug": "60-60-rule", "term": "60/60 rule", "aka": [ "60-60 rule", "60 60 rule", "60/60", "sixty sixty", "60F 60% rule" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "A drying rule of thumb: dry cannabis at about 60 °F (15.5 °C) and 60% relative humidity so buds dry slowly over roughly 10-14 days.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/60-60-rule.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/60-60-rule.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "drying-room", "hang-dry", "water-activity", "terpene-loss" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-a-b-nutrient", "slug": "a-b-nutrient", "term": "A/B nutrient", "aka": [ "two-part nutrient", "2-part nutrient", "A and B", "part A part B", "A+B", "two-part feed" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "An A/B nutrient is a mineral feed split into two concentrates so that calcium (part A) is kept apart from sulfate and phosphate (part B), which would precipitate together.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/a-b-nutrient.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/a-b-nutrient.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "one-part-nutrient", "stock-solution", "calcium-nitrate", "magnesium-sulfate", "per-element-dosing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts", "kb-nutrients-per-element-tricks" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-abscisic-acid", "slug": "abscisic-acid", "term": "Abscisic acid", "aka": [ "ABA", "abscisin", "dormin", "stress hormone" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A plant hormone (ABA) that signals water stress, closes stomata and maintains seed dormancy.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/abscisic-acid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/abscisic-acid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "stomata", "transpiration", "ethylene", "senescence" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-vpd-explained", "kb-diagnosis-drooping-overwatering-vs-underwatering" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-absolute-humidity", "slug": "absolute-humidity", "term": "Absolute humidity", "aka": [ "AH", "water vapour density", "water vapor density", "g/m³ humidity", "humidity ratio" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Absolute humidity is the actual mass of water vapour in a volume of air, in grams per cubic metre, independent of temperature.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/absolute-humidity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/absolute-humidity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "relative-humidity", "vpd", "dew-point", "dehumidifier" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-vpd-explained", "kb-environment-humidity-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-accession", "slug": "accession", "term": "Accession", "aka": [ "accessions", "germplasm accession", "seed accession", "accession number" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "An accession is a distinct sample of plant material (seed, tissue or cuttings) entered into a collection or gene bank under its own ID with records of origin.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/accession.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/accession.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "germplasm", "gene-pool", "landrace", "heirloom", "genotyping" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-documenting-lineage-evidence", "kb-genetics-history-patents-and-the-gene-pool" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-achene", "slug": "achene", "term": "Achene", "aka": [ "cannabis seed", "seed (botanical)", "achenes", "fruit" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The dry, single-seeded fruit of cannabis that growers call a seed; a hard shell (pericarp plus seed coat) encloses one embryo and does not split open.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/achene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/achene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "seed-coat", "cotyledon", "radicle", "bract" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-seed-viability-storage", "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids", "slug": "acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids", "term": "Acid vs neutral cannabinoids", "aka": [ "acidic cannabinoids", "neutral cannabinoids", "acid cannabinoids", "carboxylated cannabinoids", "decarboxylated cannabinoids", "acid forms" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Acid cannabinoids (THCA, CBDA, CBGA) are the carboxylated forms the plant makes; neutral cannabinoids (THC, CBD, CBG) form when heat or time removes the carboxyl group.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "decarboxylation", "thca", "thc", "total-thc", "gas-chromatography", "hplc" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-action-threshold", "slug": "action-threshold", "term": "Action threshold", "aka": [ "economic threshold", "treatment threshold", "intervention threshold", "action level", "economic injury level" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The pest or disease level, set in advance, at which a grower takes a specific control action because waiting longer would cost more than acting.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/action-threshold.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/action-threshold.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ipm", "scouting", "sticky-trap", "preventive-release" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-sanitation-and-prevention" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-aerial-dispersal", "slug": "aerial-dispersal", "term": "Aerial dispersal", "aka": [ "ballooning", "silk ballooning", "wind dispersal" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Pests spreading on air currents; spider mites gather at plant tops and drop on silk threads to be carried by wind or fans.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aerial-dispersal.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aerial-dispersal.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "two-spotted-spider-mite", "airflow", "quarantine" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-spider-mites", "kb-pests-integrated-pest-management-program" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-aeroponics", "slug": "aeroponics", "term": "Aeroponics", "aka": [ "aero", "aeroponic", "LPA", "low-pressure aeroponics", "low pressure aeroponics", "spray hydroponics" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Aeroponics grows plants with roots hanging in air inside a dark chamber, wetted by sprayed nutrient solution; low-pressure (LPA) systems use ordinary pumps and spray heads.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aeroponics.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aeroponics.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hpa", "fogponics", "dissolved-oxygen", "root-zone", "reservoir" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-lpa-aeroponics", "kb-systems-hpa-aeroponics" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-air-pot", "slug": "air-pot", "term": "Air pot", "aka": [ "air pots", "air-pruning pot", "air pruning pot", "root pruning pot" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "An air pot is a rigid container with cone-shaped holes in its walls that air-prune roots, preventing circling and drying the medium faster than a solid pot.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/air-pot.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/air-pot.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "fabric-pot", "root-bound", "pot-size" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-soil" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-air-stone", "slug": "air-stone", "term": "Air stone", "aka": [ "airstone", "air stones", "bubbler", "air diffuser", "diffuser stone", "air pump and stone" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "An air stone is a porous diffuser connected to an air pump that breaks air into fine bubbles in a nutrient solution, mixing it and helping maintain dissolved oxygen.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/air-stone.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/air-stone.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "dissolved-oxygen", "dwc", "rdwc", "reservoir", "chiller" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-dwc" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-air-filled-porosity", "slug": "air-filled-porosity", "term": "Air-filled porosity", "aka": [ "AFP", "air porosity", "air space", "aeration porosity", "air-filled pore space" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Air-filled porosity is the share of a container's volume that holds air rather than water after it has drained, a key factor in root oxygen and overwatering risk.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/air-filled-porosity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/air-filled-porosity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "field-capacity", "perlite", "overwatering", "coco-coir", "rockwool" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-soil", "kb-systems-coco" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-airflow", "slug": "airflow", "term": "Airflow", "aka": [ "air flow", "air movement", "air circulation", "canopy airflow", "air exchange" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Airflow is the movement of air through and around the canopy; it thins the still boundary layer on leaves, evens out temperature and humidity, and lowers mould risk.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/airflow.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/airflow.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "oscillating-fan", "exhaust-fan", "microclimate", "cfm" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-airflow" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-alate", "slug": "alate", "term": "Alate", "aka": [ "alates", "winged aphid", "winged morph", "alatae" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The winged form of an aphid, produced mainly when colonies crowd or plants decline; alates fly to new plants and are caught on sticky cards.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/alate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/alate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "aphid", "holocyclic", "sticky-trap" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids", "kb-pests-root-aphids", "kb-pests-cannabis-aphid" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-alkalinity", "slug": "alkalinity", "term": "Alkalinity", "aka": [ "total alkalinity", "water alkalinity", "bicarbonate alkalinity", "mg/L CaCO3", "ppm as CaCO3" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "Alkalinity is water's capacity to neutralise acid, mainly from dissolved bicarbonate and carbonate, reported in mg/L as CaCO3; it decides how much pH Down you need.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/alkalinity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/alkalinity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "buffering-capacity", "carbonate-hardness", "ph-down", "tap-water", "general-hardness" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-water-quality" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-allele", "slug": "allele", "term": "Allele", "aka": [ "alleles", "gene variant", "allelic variant" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "An allele is one version of a gene; a diploid cannabis plant carries two alleles at each locus, one from each parent, which may be the same or different.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/allele.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/allele.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "gene", "locus", "homozygous", "heterozygous", "dominant", "recessive" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers", "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-alpha-pinene", "slug": "alpha-pinene", "term": "Alpha-pinene", "aka": [ "α-pinene", "a-pinene", "pinene", "alpha pinene" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Alpha-pinene is a bicyclic monoterpene with a sharp pine-resin aroma, the main terpene of conifer needles and a common, usually secondary, terpene in cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/alpha-pinene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/alpha-pinene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "beta-pinene", "monoterpene", "terpene", "terpene-profile", "terpinolene" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-amblyseius-swirskii", "slug": "amblyseius-swirskii", "term": "Amblyseius swirskii", "aka": [ "swirskii", "A. swirskii", "swirski mite" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A warmth-loving generalist predatory mite that eats thrips larvae, whitefly eggs and nymphs and broad mites, and can persist on pollen.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/amblyseius-swirskii.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/amblyseius-swirskii.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "thrips", "whitefly", "broad-mite", "neoseiulus-cucumeris", "predatory-mite" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-thrips", "kb-pests-whiteflies" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-amino-acid-chelate", "slug": "amino-acid-chelate", "term": "Amino acid chelate", "aka": [ "amino acid chelates", "amino chelate", "glycinate", "chelated amino acids" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "An amino acid chelate is a metal bound to amino acids such as glycine; it is a gentler, biodegradable alternative to synthetic chelates, often sold for foliar sprays.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/amino-acid-chelate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/amino-acid-chelate.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "chelate", "edta", "foliar-feeding", "micronutrient" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ammonium", "slug": "ammonium", "term": "Ammonium", "aka": [ "NH4+", "NH4", "ammoniacal nitrogen", "NH4-N", "ammonium nitrogen" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Ammonium (NH4+) is the positively charged form of nitrogen; a small share stabilises root-zone pH, but too much reduces cannabis yield and quality.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ammonium.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ammonium.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "nitrogen", "nitrate", "monoammonium-phosphate", "ammonium-nitrate", "urea" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-nitrogen", "kb-ph-ec-ph-drift-hydro" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ammonium-nitrate", "slug": "ammonium-nitrate", "term": "Ammonium nitrate", "aka": [ "NH4NO3", "34-0-0" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a 34-35% nitrogen salt, half ammonium and half nitrate, used in small amounts to steer root-zone pH in hydro.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ammonium-nitrate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ammonium-nitrate.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "ammonium", "nitrate", "nitrogen", "nitric-acid" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts", "kb-ph-ec-ph-drift-hydro" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-anther", "slug": "anther", "term": "Anther", "aka": [ "anthers", "pollen sac", "pollen sacs", "stamen", "pollen pod" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The pollen-producing part of a stamen; in cannabis each male flower has five anthers that split to shed wind-blown pollen.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/anther.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/anther.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "staminate-flower", "hermaphrodite", "stigma", "dioecious" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-pollen-collection-storage", "kb-diagnosis-hermaphrodites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-anthocyanin", "slug": "anthocyanin", "term": "Anthocyanin", "aka": [ "anthocyanins", "purple pigment", "purple colour", "purple color", "purpling" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A water-soluble flavonoid pigment stored in cell vacuoles that colours leaves, stems and flowers red, purple or blue, set by genetics and enhanced by cool temperatures.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/anthocyanin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/anthocyanin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chlorophyll", "senescence", "phytochrome" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-purple-stems-leaves" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-aphid", "slug": "aphid", "term": "Aphid", "aka": [ "aphids", "greenfly", "blackfly", "plant lice", "green peach aphid", "Myzus persicae" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Small soft-bodied sap-sucking insects of the family Aphididae that cluster on stems and leaf undersides, excrete sticky honeydew and multiply rapidly by live birth.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aphid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aphid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cannabis-aphid", "root-aphid", "aphidius", "ladybird", "lacewing", "insecticidal-soap" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-aphidius", "slug": "aphidius", "term": "Aphidius", "aka": [ "Aphidius colemani", "Aphidius ervi", "aphid parasitoid", "parasitic wasp", "parasitoid wasp", "aphid mummy" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Tiny parasitic wasps of the genus Aphidius that lay eggs inside aphids; the larva kills the host from inside, leaving a swollen tan mummy.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aphidius.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/aphidius.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "aphid", "cannabis-aphid", "ladybird", "banker-plant", "biological-control" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-apical-dominance", "slug": "apical-dominance", "term": "Apical dominance", "aka": [ "apical control", "top dominance", "leader dominance" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The suppression of side-shoot growth by the main growing tip, driven mainly by auxin flowing down the stem from the apex.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/apical-dominance.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/apical-dominance.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "apical-meristem", "auxin", "cytokinin", "axillary-bud", "cola" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-topping", "kb-training-lst" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-apical-meristem", "slug": "apical-meristem", "term": "Apical meristem", "aka": [ "shoot apical meristem", "SAM", "growing tip", "growth tip", "shoot tip" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The zone of dividing cells at the very tip of a shoot (or root) that produces new leaves, nodes and stem; removing it is what topping does.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/apical-meristem.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/apical-meristem.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "apical-dominance", "axillary-bud", "node", "auxin" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-topping", "kb-training-fim" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-arrhenotoky", "slug": "arrhenotoky", "term": "Arrhenotoky", "aka": [ "arrhenotokous parthenogenesis", "arrhenotokous" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Reproduction in which unmated females lay unfertilised eggs that become males, while mated females make both sexes. Typical of spider mites and thrips.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/arrhenotoky.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/arrhenotoky.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "haplodiploidy", "parthenogenesis", "sex-ratio" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth", "kb-pests-spider-mites", "kb-pests-thrips" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-atc", "slug": "atc", "term": "ATC", "aka": [ "automatic temperature compensation", "temperature compensation", "temp compensation", "temperature-compensated" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "ATC (automatic temperature compensation) is a meter feature that corrects pH or EC readings for sample temperature, usually referencing EC to 25 °C.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/atc.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/atc.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ec-meter", "ph-meter", "ec", "two-point-calibration" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-meter-calibration", "kb-ph-ec-ec-ppm-scales" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-autoflower", "slug": "autoflower", "term": "Autoflower", "aka": [ "autoflowering", "auto", "autos", "day-neutral", "day neutral", "autoflowering cannabis", "autoflowering seeds" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A day-neutral cannabis plant that starts flowering by age, usually a few weeks after germination, regardless of light schedule; the trait is mainly recessive.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/autoflower.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/autoflower.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "photoperiod", "ruderalis", "taproot", "short-day-plant" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-photoperiod-vs-autoflower", "kb-breeding-breeding-autoflowers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-auxin", "slug": "auxin", "term": "Auxin", "aka": [ "auxins", "IAA", "indole-3-acetic acid", "IBA", "indole-3-butyric acid", "NAA" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A class of plant hormones, chiefly indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), that drives cell elongation, apical dominance, bending toward light and root formation.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/auxin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/auxin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "apical-dominance", "cytokinin", "gibberellin", "apical-meristem" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-topping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-axillary-bud", "slug": "axillary-bud", "term": "Axillary bud", "aka": [ "lateral bud", "auxiliary bud", "axil bud", "side shoot bud" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A dormant shoot bud in the angle (axil) between a leaf and the stem at each node, able to grow into a branch or a flower cluster.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/axillary-bud.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/axillary-bud.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "node", "apical-dominance", "apical-meristem", "cola" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-topping", "kb-training-defoliation-lollipopping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bacillus-thuringiensis", "slug": "bacillus-thuringiensis", "term": "Bacillus thuringiensis", "aka": [ "Bt", "B.t.", "Btk", "Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki", "Bt aizawai" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A soil bacterium whose crystal proteins kill caterpillars after they eat treated leaves; subspecies kurstaki and aizawai are the strains used against budworms.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bacillus-thuringiensis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bacillus-thuringiensis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "bti", "caterpillar", "corn-earworm", "biological-control", "pre-harvest-interval" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-caterpillars" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-backcross", "slug": "backcross", "term": "Backcross", "aka": [ "BX", "BC", "backcrossing", "BX1", "BX2", "BX3", "back cross", "cubing", "cubed" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A backcross is a cross of a hybrid back to one of its parents (or that parent's line), repeated to recover the parent's traits while keeping one introduced trait.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/backcross.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/backcross.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ibl", "introgression", "p1", "stabilisation", "linkage" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-badder", "slug": "badder", "term": "Badder", "aka": [ "batter", "cake batter", "badder concentrate", "whipped badder" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Badder is a soft, cake-batter-textured concentrate formed by whipping an extract so its cannabinoids crystallise finely; it can be solvent-based or, as rosin badder, solventless.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/badder.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/badder.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "wax", "shatter", "sauce", "rosin", "concentrate" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bag-appeal", "slug": "bag-appeal", "term": "Bag appeal", "aka": [ "bag-appeal", "jar appeal", "eye appeal", "looks" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Bag appeal is how good flower looks in the bag or jar, frost, colour, density and trim, which sells cannabis but does not measure its quality.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bag-appeal.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bag-appeal.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "frosty", "purp", "top-shelf", "trichome", "dank" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims", "kb-diagnosis-purple-stems-leaves" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bagseed", "slug": "bagseed", "term": "Bagseed", "aka": [ "bag seed", "bag seeds", "bagseeds", "mystery seed" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Bagseed is a seed found in purchased flower, of unknown parentage and often the product of accidental pollination, including by intersex plants.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bagseed.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bagseed.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "nanners", "herm-prone", "regular-seed", "feminised-seed" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-seed-types-regular-feminised-auto-clone", "kb-diagnosis-hermaphrodites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-banker-plant", "slug": "banker-plant", "term": "Banker plant", "aka": [ "banker plants", "banker plant system", "open rearing system" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A non-crop plant kept in the grow to host harmless alternative prey or pollen, breeding beneficial insects continuously so they are ready when pests arrive.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/banker-plant.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/banker-plant.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "aphidius", "orius", "preventive-release", "biological-control" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-batch", "slug": "batch", "term": "Batch", "aka": [ "lot", "batch number", "lot number", "harvest batch", "production batch", "batch ID" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "A batch (or lot) is a defined quantity of product from the same plants, harvest and processing run that is sampled and tested as one unit and carries one ID.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/batch.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/batch.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "coa", "homogenisation", "microbial-testing", "potency-testing" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bay-lines", "slug": "bay-lines", "term": "Bay Lines", "aka": [ "Bay Line", "GenetixBay lines", "community lines", "community breeding programme" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "Bay Lines are GenetixBay's community breeding programme: lines bred from member-nominated keepers and documented males, tested and released with full records.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bay-lines.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bay-lines.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "keeper", "stud-book", "herm-threshold", "seed-club", "gb-id" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-selection-pheno-hunting", "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bay-trials", "slug": "bay-trials", "term": "Bay Trials", "aka": [ "Bay Trial", "GenetixBay trials", "member trials", "open trials" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "Bay Trials are GenetixBay's member-run controlled grow experiments that test growing claims side by side and publish the results openly.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bay-trials.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bay-trials.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "open-research", "mythbusters", "evidence-ladder", "grow-journal", "smoke-report" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-defoliation-lollipopping", "kb-harvest-cure-flush-debate" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-beans", "slug": "beans", "term": "Beans", "aka": [ "bean", "seeds (slang)", "pop beans", "popping beans" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Beans is slang for cannabis seeds; \"popping beans\" means germinating them.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beans.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beans.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "regs", "fems", "seed-bank", "germination" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-germination-methods" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-beauveria-bassiana", "slug": "beauveria-bassiana", "term": "Beauveria bassiana", "aka": [ "Beauveria", "B. bassiana", "white muscardine fungus", "entomopathogenic fungus" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "An insect-killing fungus whose spores germinate on contact, penetrate the cuticle and kill soft-bodied pests such as whiteflies, thrips, aphids and root aphids.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beauveria-bassiana.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beauveria-bassiana.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "whitefly", "thrips", "root-aphid", "biological-control", "contact-vs-systemic" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-whiteflies", "kb-pests-root-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-beet-curly-top-virus", "slug": "beet-curly-top-virus", "term": "Beet curly top virus", "aka": [ "BCTV", "curly top", "curly top virus", "Curtovirus" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "BCTV, a leafhopper-spread curtovirus that stunts outdoor hemp and cannabis, curling and yellowing new leaves; there is no cure once a plant is infected.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beet-curly-top-virus.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beet-curly-top-virus.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "leafhopper", "plant-virus", "viroid", "scouting" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-hop-latent-viroid-and-viruses" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-beneficial-element", "slug": "beneficial-element", "term": "Beneficial element", "aka": [ "beneficial elements", "beneficial nutrient", "quasi-essential element" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "A beneficial element is one that improves growth or stress tolerance in some plants without being strictly essential, such as silicon, sodium, cobalt and selenium.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beneficial-element.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beneficial-element.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "silicon", "sodium", "cobalt", "micronutrient" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-silicon" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-beneficial-microbe-reservoir", "slug": "beneficial-microbe-reservoir", "term": "Beneficial-microbe reservoir", "aka": [ "bio reservoir", "biological reservoir", "beneficial reservoir", "microbe-dosed reservoir", "living reservoir", "bio-buckets" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "A beneficial-microbe reservoir deliberately inoculates hydroponic solution with helpful bacteria and fungi so they occupy the root zone before pathogens can; GenetixBay prefers this approach.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beneficial-microbe-reservoir.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beneficial-microbe-reservoir.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "sterile-reservoir", "reservoir", "root-rot", "dissolved-oxygen", "compost-tea" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-root-rot-pythium", "kb-systems-rdwc" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-benefit-sharing", "slug": "benefit-sharing", "term": "Benefit-sharing", "aka": [ "benefit sharing", "access and benefit-sharing", "ABS", "fair and equitable benefit-sharing" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Benefit-sharing is returning a fair share of the benefits from using genetic resources or traditional knowledge, money, credit, access or support, to the people who provided them.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/benefit-sharing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/benefit-sharing.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "nagoya-protocol", "prior-informed-consent", "biopiracy", "landrace-hunter" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-landrace-hunting-and-biopiracy" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-beta-caryophyllene", "slug": "beta-caryophyllene", "term": "Beta-caryophyllene", "aka": [ "β-caryophyllene", "caryophyllene", "BCP", "trans-caryophyllene", "carophyllene" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Beta-caryophyllene is a spicy, peppery sesquiterpene common in cannabis, notable as a dietary terpene that also binds the CB2 receptor in laboratory studies.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beta-caryophyllene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beta-caryophyllene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "sesquiterpene", "humulene", "caryophyllene-oxide", "terpene-profile", "myrcene" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-beta-pinene", "slug": "beta-pinene", "term": "Beta-pinene", "aka": [ "β-pinene", "b-pinene", "beta pinene", "nopinene" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Beta-pinene is a bicyclic monoterpene and isomer of alpha-pinene with a green, woody, herbal aroma, common in cannabis at low levels.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beta-pinene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/beta-pinene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "alpha-pinene", "monoterpene", "terpene", "terpene-profile" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-biofilm", "slug": "biofilm", "term": "Biofilm", "aka": [ "root slime", "slime", "brown slime", "reservoir slime", "slimy roots" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A slimy community of microbes stuck to surfaces in a matrix they secrete; in hydro, it coats lines, reservoirs and roots and can shelter pathogens.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biofilm.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biofilm.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "root-rot", "pythium", "sanitation", "shore-fly" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-root-browning-hydro", "kb-systems-rdwc" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-biological-control", "slug": "biological-control", "term": "Biological control", "aka": [ "biocontrol", "biological pest control", "beneficial insects", "beneficials", "natural enemies", "bugs on bugs" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Using living natural enemies, such as predators, parasitoids, nematodes and microbes, to suppress pests and diseases instead of, or before, chemical sprays.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biological-control.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biological-control.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "predatory-mite", "aphidius", "steinernema-feltiae", "bacillus-thuringiensis", "preventive-release", "ipm" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-spider-mites", "kb-pests-thrips" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-biopiracy", "slug": "biopiracy", "term": "Biopiracy", "aka": [ "bio-piracy", "biopirates", "genetic resource misappropriation", "biological piracy" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Biopiracy is taking genetic resources or traditional knowledge from a country or community without consent or benefit-sharing, especially to patent or profit from them.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biopiracy.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biopiracy.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "benefit-sharing", "prior-informed-consent", "nagoya-protocol", "landrace-hunter", "utility-patent" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-landrace-hunting-and-biopiracy" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-biostimulant", "slug": "biostimulant", "term": "Biostimulant", "aka": [ "biostimulants", "bio-stimulant", "plant biostimulant", "growth enhancer" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "A biostimulant is a product claimed to improve plant growth, uptake or stress tolerance by means other than supplying nutrients, such as seaweed extract, humics, amino acids or microbes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biostimulant.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/biostimulant.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "humic-acid", "fulvic-acid", "amino-acid-chelate", "molasses", "organic-fertiliser" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims", "kb-nutrients-organic-vs-mineral" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bisabolol", "slug": "bisabolol", "term": "Bisabolol", "aka": [ "alpha-bisabolol", "α-bisabolol", "levomenol", "bisabolol oxide" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Bisabolol (alpha-bisabolol) is a mild, floral, chamomile-like sesquiterpene alcohol found as a minor terpene in some cannabis cultivars.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bisabolol.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bisabolol.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "sesquiterpene", "terpenoid", "linalool", "terpene-profile", "nerolidol" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bloom-booster", "slug": "bloom-booster", "term": "Bloom booster", "aka": [ "bloom boosters", "PK booster", "PK boost", "flower booster", "bud booster", "high-P booster" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "A bloom booster is a high-phosphorus, high-potassium additive sold for flowering; cannabis trials show a P plateau, so past moderate levels it adds cost and runoff, not yield.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bloom-booster.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bloom-booster.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "phosphorus", "monopotassium-phosphate", "npk-ratio", "nutrient-antagonism", "feed-chart" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-bloom-boosters", "kb-nutrients-phosphorus" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-blue-light", "slug": "blue-light", "term": "Blue light", "aka": [ "blue photons", "blue spectrum", "400-500 nm", "blue fraction", "blue LEDs" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Blue light is the 400–500 nm band; it keeps plants compact with shorter internodes and thicker leaves, but a high blue fraction slightly lowers cannabis yield.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/blue-light.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/blue-light.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "spectrum", "uv-a", "red-far-red-ratio", "photon-efficacy" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-boric-acid", "slug": "boric-acid", "term": "Boric acid", "aka": [ "H3BO3", "boracic acid", "orthoboric acid" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Boric acid (H3BO3) is the usual boron source in micronutrient mixes, about 17.5% boron; plants absorb boron in this same uncharged form.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/boric-acid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/boric-acid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "boron", "micronutrient", "stock-solution", "nutrient-toxicity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-boron", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-boron", "slug": "boron", "term": "Boron", "aka": [ "B", "borate", "boron deficiency", "boron toxicity" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Boron (B) is a micronutrient needed for cell-wall structure and growing tips; the gap between deficient and toxic levels is narrow.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/boron.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/boron.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "micronutrient", "immobile-nutrient", "boric-acid", "calcium", "nutrient-toxicity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-boron" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-botrytis", "slug": "botrytis", "term": "Botrytis", "aka": [ "bud rot", "grey mould", "gray mold", "grey mold", "Botrytis cinerea", "botrytis bud rot", "BBR" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Botrytis cinerea, the fungus behind bud rot or grey mould, which rots dense colas from the inside in cool, humid conditions late in flower.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/botrytis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/botrytis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "powdery-mildew", "corn-earworm", "sanitation", "white-mould", "mold" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-botrytis-bud-rot" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bottom-watering", "slug": "bottom-watering", "term": "Bottom watering", "aka": [ "bottom-watering", "bottom feeding", "sub-irrigation", "subirrigation", "watering from below", "tray watering" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Bottom watering lets a pot absorb water or solution from a tray beneath it, so the medium wets from the base upward by capillary action.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bottom-watering.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bottom-watering.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "wick-system", "ebb-and-flow", "overwatering", "ceramic-sensor-watering" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-bottom-watering-wick" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bract", "slug": "bract", "term": "Bract", "aka": [ "perigonal bract", "bracts", "floral bract", "pistillate bract", "seed bract" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "In cannabis, the small leaf-like sheath (perigonal bract) that wraps each female flower's ovary and carries the densest capitate-stalked trichomes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bract.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bract.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "calyx", "pistil", "capitate-stalked-trichome", "cola", "achene" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology", "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-breeder", "slug": "breeder", "term": "Breeder", "aka": [ "breeders", "plant breeder", "cannabis breeder", "seed breeder" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A breeder develops lines over generations with clear goals, large grow-outs, selection of both sexes, stability and herm testing, and honest lineage records.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/breeder.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/breeder.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "pollen-chucker", "ibl", "selection", "stud-book", "test-grow" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-breeders-vs-pollen-chuckers", "kb-breeding-selection-pheno-hunting" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-brick-weed", "slug": "brick-weed", "term": "Brick weed", "aka": [ "brick", "brickweed", "compressed", "compressed weed", "brick schwag", "pressed weed" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Brick weed is seeded, lower-grade cannabis pressed into dense blocks for smuggling and cheap sale, historically the bulk of imported cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/brick-weed.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/brick-weed.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "sinsemilla", "mids", "shake", "potency-testing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-old-cannabis-was-not-weak" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-broad-mite", "slug": "broad-mite", "term": "Broad mite", "aka": [ "broad mites", "Polyphagotarsonemus latus", "tropical mite" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Polyphagotarsonemus latus, a microscopic tarsonemid mite whose toxic feeding twists, glazes and stunts new growth; often mistaken for calcium deficiency or heat stress.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/broad-mite.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/broad-mite.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hemp-russet-mite", "two-spotted-spider-mite", "cyclamen-mite", "amblyseius-swirskii", "quarantine" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-broad-russet-mites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bti", "slug": "bti", "term": "Bti", "aka": [ "Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis", "B.t.i.", "Bt israelensis", "Bt for fungus gnats" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, a bacterial strain whose toxins kill fly larvae, including fungus gnats, after ingestion; applied as a medium drench.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bti.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bti.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "bacillus-thuringiensis", "fungus-gnat", "steinernema-feltiae", "biological-control" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-fungus-gnats" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bubble-hash", "slug": "bubble-hash", "term": "Bubble hash", "aka": [ "ice water hash", "ice hash", "water hash", "ice-water hash", "IWH", "ice water extraction" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Bubble hash, or ice water hash, is a solventless concentrate made by separating trichome heads from cannabis in cold water and collecting them on graded mesh bags.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bubble-hash.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bubble-hash.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "micron-bags", "full-melt", "trichome-heads", "live-rosin", "solventless", "fresh-frozen" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bucking", "slug": "bucking", "term": "Bucking", "aka": [ "bucked", "de-stemming", "destemming", "bucking buds", "debudding" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Removing buds from their branches and stems, either before drying (wet bucking) or after (dry bucking), ready for trimming or jarring.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bucking.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bucking.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "wet-trim", "dry-trim", "hang-dry", "curing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bud-rot-check", "slug": "bud-rot-check", "term": "Bud rot check", "aka": [ "mold check", "mould check", "checking for bud rot", "checking for mold", "rot check", "botrytis check" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Routine inspection of dense colas in late flower, at harvest and during drying and curing for signs of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and other rots.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bud-rot-check.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bud-rot-check.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "botrytis", "cola", "drying-room", "curing", "jewelers-loupe" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-botrytis-bud-rot", "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bud-site", "slug": "bud-site", "term": "Bud site", "aka": [ "bud sites", "flowering site", "budsite", "flower site", "bud node" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "A bud site is a node where flowers form, where leaf meets stem, or a branch tip; training aims to put more of them in strong light.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bud-site.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bud-site.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "node", "cola", "lollipopping", "lst", "canopy" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-budtender", "slug": "budtender", "term": "Budtender", "aka": [ "budtenders", "bud tender", "dispensary staff", "cannabis retail staff" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A budtender is a retail worker in a cannabis store who helps customers choose products; training and product knowledge vary widely.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/budtender.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/budtender.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "top-shelf", "smoke-report", "licensed-producer", "labelling-requirements" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-buffering-capacity", "slug": "buffering-capacity", "term": "Buffering capacity", "aka": [ "buffer capacity", "pH buffering capacity", "buffering power", "acid-neutralising capacity", "acid neutralizing capacity" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "Buffering capacity is how strongly a water, solution or medium resists pH change when acid or base is added; high capacity means stable but hard-to-move pH.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/buffering-capacity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/buffering-capacity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "alkalinity", "ph-buffer", "ph-drift", "carbonate-hardness", "ro-water" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-water-quality", "kb-ph-ec-ph-drift-hydro" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-bulbous-trichome", "slug": "bulbous-trichome", "term": "Bulbous trichome", "aka": [ "bulbous trichomes", "bulbous gland", "bulbous glandular trichome" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The smallest glandular trichome on cannabis, a few cells with a tiny head (about 10-30 µm), scattered over leaves and stems.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bulbous-trichome.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/bulbous-trichome.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "trichome", "capitate-sessile-trichome", "capitate-stalked-trichome" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-burping", "slug": "burping", "term": "Burping", "aka": [ "burp", "burping jars", "burp the jars", "jar burping", "airing jars" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Briefly opening sealed curing jars to release moist air and let fresh air in, so moisture keeps declining slowly during the cure.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/burping.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/burping.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "curing", "equilibrium-relative-humidity", "water-activity", "humidity-pack" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cal-mag", "slug": "cal-mag", "term": "Cal-Mag", "aka": [ "CalMag", "Cal Mag", "calcium magnesium supplement", "Ca-Mg supplement" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Cal-Mag is a supplement supplying calcium and magnesium, usually as nitrates; need depends on cultivar, water source (RO vs tap) and medium (coco), not on LED lighting.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cal-mag.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cal-mag.md", "evidence": "myth", "related_terms": [ "calcium", "magnesium", "magnesium-nitrate", "calcium-nitrate", "secondary-nutrient" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-cal-mag", "kb-ph-ec-buffering-coco" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-calcium", "slug": "calcium", "term": "Calcium", "aka": [ "Ca", "Ca2+", "calcium deficiency", "Ca deficiency" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Calcium (Ca) is an immobile secondary nutrient that builds cell walls and membranes; it travels only in the transpiration stream, so deficiency appears in new growth.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calcium.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calcium.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "secondary-nutrient", "immobile-nutrient", "calcium-nitrate", "cal-mag", "nutrient-antagonism" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-calcium", "kb-nutrients-cal-mag" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { 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"category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Calcium nitrate is the standard hydroponic calcium source, supplying about 19% calcium and 15.5% nitrogen, mostly as nitrate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calcium-nitrate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calcium-nitrate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "calcium", "nitrate", "a-b-nutrient", "stock-solution", "per-element-dosing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts", "kb-nutrients-calcium" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-calibration-solution", "slug": "calibration-solution", "term": "Calibration solution", "aka": [ "calibration fluid", "buffer solution pH 7", "pH 4 buffer", "1413 solution", "EC standard", "cal solution" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "A calibration solution is a standard liquid of known pH or EC used to calibrate meters, such as pH 4.01, 7.00 and 10.01 buffers or 1.413 mS/cm EC standard.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calibration-solution.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calibration-solution.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "two-point-calibration", "ph-meter", "ec-meter", "ph-buffer" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-meter-calibration" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-calyx", "slug": "calyx", "term": "Calyx", "aka": [ "calyxes", "calyces", "perianth", "calyx-to-leaf ratio" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "Botanically, the sepals of a flower; in female cannabis a thin, reduced perianth on the ovary, though growers use the word for the resinous bract.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calyx.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/calyx.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "bract", "pistil", "stigma", "sugar-leaf" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-candy-terps", "slug": "candy-terps", "term": "Candy terps", "aka": [ "candy", "candy strains", "dessert terps", "dessert strains", "fruity terps", "gas and candy" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Candy terps is slang for the sweet, fruity, dessert-like aroma profile fashionable in modern cannabis, often paired with gas as the dominant market trend.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/candy-terps.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/candy-terps.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "gas", "terps", "hype-strain", "renamed-cut", "chemotype" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-why-everything-tastes-the-same" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cannabinoid", "slug": "cannabinoid", "term": "Cannabinoid", "aka": [ "cannabinoids", "cannabanoid", "cannabinoid compounds" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "A cannabinoid is any compound that binds the body's cannabinoid receptors or shares the typical cannabis terpenophenolic structure; the plant-made ones are phytocannabinoids such as THCA and CBDA.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannabinoid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannabinoid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "phytocannabinoid", "thca", "cbda", "cbga", "acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids", "terpene" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cannabis-aphid", "slug": "cannabis-aphid", "term": "Cannabis aphid", "aka": [ "hemp aphid", "Phorodon cannabis", "cannabis aphids" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Phorodon cannabis, an aphid that feeds mainly on cannabis and hemp, colonising leaf undersides and buds and leaving honeydew and cast skins in flower.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannabis-aphid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannabis-aphid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "aphid", "root-aphid", "aphidius", "ladybird", "scouting" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-irradiation", "slug": "irradiation", "term": "Cannabis irradiation", "aka": [ "irradiation", "irradiated cannabis", "irradiated weed", "gamma irradiation", "e-beam treatment", "x-ray treatment" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Cannabis irradiation is treating harvested flower with ionising radiation, gamma, electron beam or X-ray, to cut microbial counts; permission and labelling rules vary.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/irradiation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/irradiation.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "compliance-testing", "labelling-requirements", "licensed-producer", "terpene", "botrytis" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cannabis-sativa", "slug": "cannabis-sativa", "term": "Cannabis sativa L.", "aka": [ "Cannabis sativa", "C. sativa", "cannabis species", "Cannabaceae" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The single botanical species, in the family Cannabaceae, that covers all hemp and drug-type cannabis; \"L.\" credits Linnaeus, who named it in 1753.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannabis-sativa.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannabis-sativa.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ruderalis", "dioecious", "photoperiod", "achene" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-indica-sativa-ruderalis", "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cannflavin", "slug": "cannflavin", "term": "Cannflavin", "aka": [ "cannflavins", "cannflavin A", "cannflavin B", "cannflavin C" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Cannflavins are prenylated flavones (A, B and C) that are characteristic of cannabis, first isolated in 1985 and found mainly in leaves and bracts at low levels.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannflavin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cannflavin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "flavonoid", "cannabinoid", "geranyl-pyrophosphate" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-canopy", "slug": "canopy", "term": "Canopy", "aka": [ "plant canopy", "the canopy", "canopy level", "canopy area" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "The canopy is the top layer of foliage and buds across a grow, the surface that intercepts most of the light and where yield is mostly made.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/canopy.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/canopy.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "even-canopy", "scrog", "ppfd", "lollipopping", "plant-density" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-capitate-sessile-trichome", "slug": "capitate-sessile-trichome", "term": "Capitate-sessile trichome", "aka": [ "capitate sessile trichome", "sessile trichome", "sessile glandular trichome", "capitate-sessile" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A glandular trichome with a resin head but little or no stalk, sitting close to the surface of leaves and young bracts.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/capitate-sessile-trichome.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/capitate-sessile-trichome.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "capitate-stalked-trichome", "bulbous-trichome", "trichome", "sugar-leaf" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-capitate-stalked-trichome", "slug": "capitate-stalked-trichome", "term": "Capitate-stalked trichome", "aka": [ "capitate stalked trichome", "stalked glandular trichome", "capitate-stalked", "stalked trichome", "mushroom trichome" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The large mushroom-shaped glandular trichome on cannabis bracts, with a multicellular stalk and a resin-filled head; it holds most of the flower's cannabinoids and terpenes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/capitate-stalked-trichome.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/capitate-stalked-trichome.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "trichome", "capitate-sessile-trichome", "bract", "trichome-ripeness" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-carbon-filter", "slug": "carbon-filter", "term": "Carbon filter", "aka": [ "charcoal filter", "activated carbon filter", "odour filter", "odor filter", "scrubber", "can filter" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "A carbon filter scrubs odour from exhaust air by passing it through activated carbon, which adsorbs aroma compounds such as terpenes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/carbon-filter.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/carbon-filter.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "exhaust-fan", "negative-pressure", "cfm", "relative-humidity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-airflow" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-carbonate-hardness", "slug": "carbonate-hardness", "term": "Carbonate hardness", "aka": [ "KH", "dKH", "carbonate hardness (KH)", "temporary hardness", "German degrees KH" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "Carbonate hardness (KH) is the bicarbonate and carbonate content of water, often given in German degrees (dKH); in practice it is a measure of alkalinity.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/carbonate-hardness.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/carbonate-hardness.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "alkalinity", "general-hardness", "buffering-capacity", "tap-water" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-water-quality" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-caryophyllene-oxide", "slug": "caryophyllene-oxide", "term": "Caryophyllene oxide", "aka": [ "beta-caryophyllene oxide", "β-caryophyllene oxide", "caryophyllene epoxide", "BCPO" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Caryophyllene oxide is the oxidation product of beta-caryophyllene, a less aromatic sesquiterpene epoxide that tends to increase as cannabis ages in air.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/caryophyllene-oxide.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/caryophyllene-oxide.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "beta-caryophyllene", "sesquiterpene", "terpenoid", "terpene-profile", "cbn" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-case-hardening", "slug": "case-hardening", "term": "Case hardening", "aka": [ "case hardened", "case-hardened buds", "crispy outside wet inside", "outer dry inner wet" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "A drying fault where a bud's surface dries too fast and seals, leaving the core wet; buds feel dry, then rehydrate and risk mould in the jar.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/case-hardening.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/case-hardening.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "drying-room", "60-60-rule", "over-drying", "sweat", "water-activity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-caterpillar", "slug": "caterpillar", "term": "Caterpillar", "aka": [ "caterpillars", "worms", "larvae", "European corn borer", "Ostrinia nubilalis", "hemp borer" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The larval stage of moths and butterflies (order Lepidoptera); on cannabis, leaf-chewers, stem borers and bud-boring species whose frass seeds bud rot.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/caterpillar.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/caterpillar.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "corn-earworm", "cutworm", "bacillus-thuringiensis", "botrytis", "scouting" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-caterpillars" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cation-exchange-capacity", "slug": "cation-exchange-capacity", "term": "Cation exchange capacity", "aka": [ "CEC", "cation exchange", "exchange capacity", "cation-exchange capacity" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a medium's ability to hold positively charged nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium on its surfaces and release them later.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cation-exchange-capacity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cation-exchange-capacity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "coco-coir", "buffering-capacity", "peat", "soil", "vermiculite" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-buffering-coco", "kb-systems-soil" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbc", "slug": "cbc", "term": "CBC", "aka": [ "cannabichromene", "neutral CBC" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBC (cannabichromene) is a minor neutral cannabinoid formed when CBCA decarboxylates; it is usually present at well under 1% w/w in mature drug-type flower.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbc.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbc.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cbca", "cbga", "cbl", "cannabinoid", "decarboxylation" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbca", "slug": "cbca", "term": "CBCA", "aka": [ "CBC-A", "cannabichromenic acid" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBCA (cannabichromenic acid) is the acid cannabinoid that CBCA synthase makes from CBGA; it decarboxylates to CBC and is usually a minor component of the profile.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbca.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbca.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cbc", "cbga", "thca-synthase", "cbda-synthase", "acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbd", "slug": "cbd", "term": "CBD", "aka": [ "cannabidiol", "C.B.D.", "neutral CBD" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBD (cannabidiol) is a non-intoxicating neutral cannabinoid formed when CBDA decarboxylates; hemp-type and CBD-dominant cannabis make it mainly as CBDA in their trichomes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbd.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbd.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cbda", "cbda-synthase", "chemotype-ratio", "total-cbd", "thc" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbda", "slug": "cbda", "term": "CBDA", "aka": [ "CBD-A", "cannabidiolic acid" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBDA (cannabidiolic acid) is the acid cannabinoid made by CBDA synthase from CBGA; it dominates hemp-type and CBD-type cannabis and decarboxylates to CBD.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbda.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbda.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cbd", "cbda-synthase", "cbga", "chemotype-ratio", "total-cbd" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbda-synthase", "slug": "cbda-synthase", "term": "CBDA synthase", "aka": [ "CBDAS", "CBDA synthase gene", "cannabidiolic acid synthase", "CBD synthase" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBDA synthase is the trichome enzyme that converts CBGA into CBDA; it competes with THCA synthase, and its alleles largely decide whether a plant is CBD-dominant.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbda-synthase.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbda-synthase.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "thca-synthase", "cbga", "cbda", "chemotype-ratio", "cbd" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance", "kb-breeding-genotyping-what-tests-prove" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbg", "slug": "cbg", "term": "CBG", "aka": [ "cannabigerol", "neutral CBG" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBG (cannabigerol) is the neutral, decarboxylated form of CBGA, the cannabinoid precursor; most plants convert nearly all of it onward, but some cultivars are bred to accumulate it.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbg.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbg.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cbga", "thca-synthase", "cbda-synthase", "chemotype-ratio", "cannabinoid" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbga", "slug": "cbga", "term": "CBGA", "aka": [ "CBG-A", "cannabigerolic acid", "mother cannabinoid", "precursor cannabinoid" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBGA (cannabigerolic acid) is the precursor cannabinoid that the plant converts into THCA, CBDA or CBCA, formed by joining olivetolic acid to geranyl pyrophosphate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbga.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbga.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cbg", "thca-synthase", "cbda-synthase", "olivetolic-acid", "geranyl-pyrophosphate", "chemotype-ratio" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbl", "slug": "cbl", "term": "CBL", "aka": [ "cannabicyclol", "CBLA", "cannabicyclolic acid" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBL (cannabicyclol) is a minor cannabinoid formed when CBC is exposed to light; it is a degradation product rather than something the plant makes by enzyme.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbl.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbl.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cbc", "cbca", "cbn", "cannabinoid" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cbn", "slug": "cbn", "term": "CBN", "aka": [ "cannabinol", "CBNA", "cannabinolic acid" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "CBN (cannabinol) is a cannabinoid formed mainly when THC or THCA oxidises after harvest, so high CBN readings usually signal age, heat, light or air exposure, not plant ripeness.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbn.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cbn.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "thc", "thca", "decarboxylation", "cbl", "cannabinoid" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage", "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ceramic-sensor-watering", "slug": "ceramic-sensor-watering", "term": "Ceramic sensor watering", "aka": [ "ceramic probe watering", "ceramic cone watering", "tensiometer valve watering", "gravity-fed auto watering", "auto-watering spikes" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Ceramic sensor watering uses a porous ceramic cone in the medium that opens a small valve when the soil dries, feeding water from a gravity-fed reservoir on demand.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ceramic-sensor-watering.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ceramic-sensor-watering.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "bottom-watering", "wick-system", "living-soil", "wet-dry-cycle" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-bottom-watering-wick", "kb-systems-living-soil" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cf", "slug": "cf", "term": "CF", "aka": [ "conductivity factor", "CF units", "CF reading", "CF scale" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "CF (conductivity factor) is an EC scale used mainly in Australia, New Zealand and the UK, where 1 CF equals 0.1 mS/cm (100 µS/cm).", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cf.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cf.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ec", "ms-cm", "ppm500", "ppm700" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-ec-ppm-scales" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cfm", "slug": "cfm", "term": "CFM", "aka": [ "cubic feet per minute", "ft³/min", "cfm rating", "m³/h", "airflow rating" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "CFM (cubic feet per minute) is the volume of air a fan moves per minute; growers use it to size exhaust fans to their grow space volume.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cfm.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cfm.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "exhaust-fan", "carbon-filter", "negative-pressure", "airflow" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-airflow" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-charas", "slug": "charas", "term": "Charas", "aka": [ "hand-rubbed hash", "hand rubbed hash", "finger hash", "rubbed hash", "Himalayan charas" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Charas is hashish made by rubbing the resin off living cannabis flowers by hand and rolling it into balls or sticks, a traditional method of the Himalayan regions.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/charas.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/charas.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hashish", "hash", "temple-ball", "trichome-heads", "solventless" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-landraces-of-the-world", "kb-genetics-history-old-cannabis-was-not-weak" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chelate", "slug": "chelate", "term": "Chelate", "aka": [ "chelated", "chelation", "chelating agent", "chelated micronutrients", "chelates" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "A chelate is a metal ion held by an organic molecule at several points, keeping micronutrients such as iron, zinc and manganese dissolved and available across a wider pH range.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chelate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chelate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "iron-chelate", "edta", "dtpa", "eddha", "amino-acid-chelate", "micronutrient" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chemotype", "slug": "chemotype", "term": "Chemotype", "aka": [ "chemotypes", "chemical phenotype", "cannabinoid chemotype", "chemotype I", "chemotype III" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A chemotype is a plant's chemical phenotype, in cannabis usually its dominant cannabinoid class: THC-dominant (I), mixed (II), CBD-dominant (III), CBG-dominant (IV) or cannabinoid-free (V).", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chemotype.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chemotype.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chemovar", "codominant", "phenotype", "allele", "genotyping" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chemotype-ratio", "slug": "chemotype-ratio", "term": "Chemotype ratio", "aka": [ "THC:CBD ratio", "THC to CBD ratio", "cannabinoid ratio", "chemotype I II III", "type I/II/III", "CBD:THC ratio" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "The chemotype ratio is the balance of a plant's main cannabinoids, usually THC to CBD, classing plants as type I (THC-dominant), II (mixed), III (CBD-dominant), IV (CBG) or V (near-zero).", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chemotype-ratio.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chemotype-ratio.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chemotype", "thca-synthase", "cbda-synthase", "cbga", "terpene-profile" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chemovar", "slug": "chemovar", "term": "Chemovar", "aka": [ "chemovars", "chemical variety", "chemical cultivar" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A chemovar is a cultivar defined and named by its chemical profile, chiefly cannabinoids and terpenes, rather than by its appearance or a market strain name.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chemovar.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chemovar.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "chemotype", "cultivar", "strain", "phenotype" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance", "kb-genetics-history-why-strain-names-are-unreliable" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-child-resistant-packaging", "slug": "child-resistant-packaging", "term": "Child-resistant packaging", "aka": [ "CR packaging", "child-proof packaging", "child resistant", "CR container", "child-resistant" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Child-resistant packaging is a container that most young children cannot open in a standard test while most adults can, required for cannabis in many markets.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/child-resistant-packaging.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/child-resistant-packaging.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "labelling-requirements", "licensed-producer", "home-grow" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chiller", "slug": "chiller", "term": "Chiller", "aka": [ "water chiller", "reservoir chiller", "aquarium chiller", "res chiller", "inline chiller" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "A chiller is a refrigeration unit that cools hydroponic nutrient solution, keeping it around 18-21 °C so it holds more oxygen and root pathogens are discouraged.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chiller.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chiller.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "reservoir", "dissolved-oxygen", "dwc", "rdwc", "root-rot" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-rdwc", "kb-diseases-root-rot-pythium" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chloramine", "slug": "chloramine", "term": "Chloramine", "aka": [ "monochloramine", "chloramines", "NH2Cl", "chloraminated water", "combined chlorine" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "Chloramine (monochloramine) is a long-lasting water disinfectant made from chlorine and ammonia; unlike chlorine, it does not leave water by standing or aerating.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chloramine.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chloramine.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "free-chlorine", "tap-water", "ro-water", "living-soil" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-water-quality" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chloride-nutrient", "slug": "chloride-nutrient", "term": "Chlorine (nutrient)", "aka": [ "Cl", "Cl-", "chloride", "chloride nutrient", "chloride toxicity" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "As a plant nutrient, chlorine is used as the chloride ion (Cl-) in tiny amounts for photosynthesis and osmotic balance; excess from water or salts is the usual problem.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chloride-nutrient.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chloride-nutrient.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "micronutrient", "calcium-chloride", "sodium", "nutrient-toxicity", "mobile-nutrient" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-chlorine", "kb-ph-ec-water-quality" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chlorophyll", "slug": "chlorophyll", "term": "Chlorophyll", "aka": [ "chlorophyll a", "chlorophyll b", "chlorophylls", "green pigment" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs mainly blue and red light to drive photosynthesis; chlorophyll a and b are the main forms in plants.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chlorophyll.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chlorophyll.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "photosynthesis", "anthocyanin", "senescence", "hay-smell" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-yellowing-lower-leaves", "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chlorosis", "slug": "chlorosis", "term": "Chlorosis", "aka": [ "chlorotic", "leaf chlorosis", "yellowing of leaves" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "Yellowing of normally green plant tissue caused by too little chlorophyll, from nutrient shortage, poor root uptake, pH lockout, light damage, pests or normal ageing.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chlorosis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chlorosis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "interveinal-chlorosis", "necrosis", "chlorophyll", "senescence", "mobile-nutrient", "immobile-nutrient" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-yellowing-lower-leaves", "kb-diagnosis-yellow-new-growth", "kb-diagnosis-lookalikes" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chop", "slug": "chop", "term": "Chop", "aka": [ "chop day", "chopped", "chopping", "the chop", "harvest day" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Chop is grower slang for harvesting, cutting down plants at the end of flower; \"chop day\" is harvest day.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chop.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chop.md", "evidence": "myth", "related_terms": [ "trichome-ripeness", "wet-trim", "dry-trim", "hang-dry", "flushing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness", "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chromosome", "slug": "chromosome", "term": "Chromosome", "aka": [ "chromosomes", "chromosome pair", "autosome", "autosomes", "karyotype" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A chromosome is one long DNA molecule packaged with proteins that carries many genes; cannabis normally has 10 pairs, nine autosome pairs plus an X/Y sex pair.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chromosome.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chromosome.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "gene", "locus", "diploid", "xy-sex-determination", "linkage" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-chuck", "slug": "chuck", "term": "Chuck", "aka": [ "chucking", "chucked", "chuck pollen", "chuck a cross" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "To chuck is to pollinate plants loosely, usually an open or one-off cross, often implying little selection or record keeping.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chuck.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/chuck.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "pollen-chucker", "cross", "open-pollinated", "breeder" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-pollination-seed-production" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-clay-pebbles", "slug": "clay-pebbles", "term": "Clay pebbles", "aka": [ "LECA", "expanded clay", "clay balls", "expanded clay aggregate", "hydro pebbles" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Clay pebbles (LECA) are fired, expanded clay balls used as an inert hydroponic medium that drains freely, holds a little water and anchors roots.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/clay-pebbles.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/clay-pebbles.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "net-pot", "dwc", "ebb-and-flow", "growing-medium", "hydroponics" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-ebb-and-flow", "kb-systems-dwc" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-clone-only", "slug": "clone-only", "term": "Clone-only", "aka": [ "clone only", "clone-only cut", "clone-only strain", "cut-only" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A clone-only is a cultivar that exists only as cuttings from one original plant, with no seed line that reliably reproduces it.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/clone-only.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/clone-only.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "cultivar", "genotype", "tissue-culture", "genetic-drift", "gene-pool" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cloning", "slug": "cloning", "term": "Cloning", "aka": [ "clone", "clones", "taking clones", "taking cuttings", "vegetative propagation", "asexual propagation" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Cloning is propagating a plant by rooting cuttings from it, producing new plants that are genetically identical to the donor.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cloning.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cloning.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cutting", "mother-plant", "rooting-hormone", "cloning-dome", "tissue-culture" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation", "kb-breeding-tissue-culture-basics" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cloning-dome", "slug": "cloning-dome", "term": "Cloning dome", "aka": [ "humidity dome", "propagator", "propagation dome", "clone dome", "propagator lid" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "A cloning dome is a clear lid over a tray that keeps humidity high around unrooted cuttings or seedlings, reducing water loss until roots form.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cloning-dome.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cloning-dome.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "cloning", "cutting", "relative-humidity", "hardening-off" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-seedling-care" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cmh", "slug": "cmh", "term": "CMH", "aka": [ "ceramic metal halide", "LEC", "light emitting ceramic", "CDM", "ceramic MH", "315 W CMH" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "CMH (ceramic metal halide) is a discharge lamp with a ceramic arc tube giving a broad, sun-like spectrum and better efficacy than standard metal halide.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cmh.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cmh.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "metal-halide", "hps", "led", "uv-a" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-co2-enrichment", "slug": "co2-enrichment", "term": "CO2 enrichment", "aka": [ "CO2", "carbon dioxide enrichment", "CO2 supplementation", "CO2 ppm", "enriched CO2", "carbon dioxide" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "CO2 enrichment raises carbon dioxide in a sealed grow space from about 420 ppm to roughly 800–1,500 ppm, letting plants use higher light intensities productively.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/co2-enrichment.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/co2-enrichment.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ppfd", "light-saturation-point", "temperature", "exhaust-fan" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-co2-enrichment" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-coa", "slug": "coa", "term": "COA", "aka": [ "certificate of analysis", "C of A", "lab certificate", "lab report", "test results sheet" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "A COA (certificate of analysis) is a lab's signed report of what it measured in a specific sample, such as cannabinoids, terpenes, moisture and contaminants, with methods and limits.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/coa.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/coa.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "potency-testing", "total-thc", "loq", "batch", "iso-17025", "lab-shopping" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cobalt", "slug": "cobalt", "term": "Cobalt", "aka": [ "Co", "Co2+", "cobalt nutrient" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Cobalt (Co) is not essential for cannabis; it is needed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume nodules, so it appears only as a trace in some feeds.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cobalt.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cobalt.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "micronutrient", "beneficial-element", "nickel", "molybdenum" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-coco-coir", "slug": "coco-coir", "term": "Coco coir", "aka": [ "coco", "coir", "coconut coir", "coco peat", "cocopeat", "coco fibre", "coco chips" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Coco coir is a growing medium made from processed coconut husk, prized for holding water and air at once; it binds calcium and magnesium unless buffered.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/coco-coir.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/coco-coir.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "buffering-capacity", "cation-exchange-capacity", "drain-to-waste", "high-frequency-fertigation", "perlite" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-coco", "kb-ph-ec-buffering-coco" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-codominant", "slug": "codominant", "term": "Codominant", "aka": [ "codominance", "co-dominant", "co-dominance", "incomplete dominance" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Codominance is when both alleles at a locus show in a heterozygous plant, as with THCA and CBDA synthase, so a B_T/B_D plant makes both THC and CBD.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/codominant.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/codominant.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "dominant", "recessive", "allele", "chemotype", "heterozygous" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-chemotype-inheritance" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cola", "slug": "cola", "term": "Cola", "aka": [ "colas", "main cola", "top cola", "terminal bud", "apical bud cluster" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The dense, elongated cluster of flowers that forms at the end of a stem or branch; the main cola tops the leader.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cola.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cola.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "apical-dominance", "bract", "calyx", "node", "sugar-leaf" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-scrog", "kb-diseases-botrytis-bud-rot" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cold-nights", "slug": "cold-nights", "term": "Cold nights", "aka": [ "cold night temperatures", "night temperature drop", "cold snap", "cooling for colour", "temperature drop for purple" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Cold nights are deliberately low night temperatures in late flower; they can bring out purple colour in cultivars that carry it, but don't raise terpenes or resin.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cold-nights.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cold-nights.md", "evidence": "myth", "related_terms": [ "dif", "temperature", "anthocyanin", "dew-point" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-temperature-by-stage", "kb-diagnosis-purple-stems-leaves" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-companion-planting", "slug": "companion-planting", "term": "Companion planting", "aka": [ "companion plants", "companion plant", "interplanting", "polyculture", "intercropping" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Companion planting grows other plant species alongside cannabis to attract beneficial insects, repel or trap pests, cover soil or support soil life.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/companion-planting.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/companion-planting.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "living-soil", "outdoor-growing", "ipm" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-living-soil" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-compliance-testing", "slug": "compliance-testing", "term": "Compliance testing", "aka": [ "total THC compliance testing", "regulatory testing", "mandatory testing", "state testing", "potency compliance test" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Compliance testing is mandatory lab analysis of cannabis or hemp for potency (often total THC) and contaminants, required before sale or to prove legal status.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/compliance-testing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/compliance-testing.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "total-thc", "coa", "hemp", "irradiation", "lab-shopping" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-compost-tea", "slug": "compost-tea", "term": "Compost tea", "aka": [ "aerated compost tea", "ACT", "AACT", "actively aerated compost tea", "worm tea", "compost extract" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Compost tea is a liquid made by steeping compost or worm castings in water, often aerated with food sources, to extract and multiply microbes for the root zone.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/compost-tea.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/compost-tea.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "living-soil", "beneficial-microbe-reservoir", "top-dressing", "mycorrhizae" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-living-soil", "kb-nutrients-organic-vs-mineral" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-concentrate", "slug": "concentrate", "term": "Concentrate", "aka": [ "concentrates", "cannabis concentrate", "cannabis extract", "extracts", "extract" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "A concentrate is any cannabis product in which the trichome resin has been separated from plant material, giving far higher cannabinoid and terpene content than flower.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/concentrate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/concentrate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "solventless", "solvent-based-extract", "hash", "rosin", "distillate", "potency-ceiling" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-connoisseur", "slug": "connoisseur", "term": "Connoisseur", "aka": [ "connoisseurs", "connoisseur grade", "cannasseur", "head" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A cannabis connoisseur judges flower and hash on aroma, flavour, cure, smoke and genetics history rather than THC percentage or looks.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/connoisseur.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/connoisseur.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "heady", "smoke-report", "terps", "bag-appeal" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-contact-vs-systemic", "slug": "contact-vs-systemic", "term": "Contact vs systemic", "aka": [ "contact pesticide", "systemic pesticide", "systemic insecticide", "systemic fungicide", "translaminar", "contact insecticide" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Contact products act only where the spray touches the pest; systemic products are absorbed and move inside the plant, which raises residue concerns in cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/contact-vs-systemic.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/contact-vs-systemic.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "insecticidal-soap", "horticultural-oil", "pre-harvest-interval", "pesticide-resistance", "ipm" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-sanitation-and-prevention" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-conversion-factor", "slug": "conversion-factor", "term": "Conversion factor", "aka": [ "EC to ppm conversion", "TDS factor", "ppm conversion factor", "k factor", "EC conversion" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "The conversion factor is the multiplier a TDS meter applies to EC to report ppm, commonly 0.5, 0.64 or 0.7; it is why ppm readings differ between meters.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/conversion-factor.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/conversion-factor.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ppm500", "ppm700", "tds", "ec", "cf" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-ec-ppm-scales" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-copper", "slug": "copper", "term": "Copper", "aka": [ "Cu", "Cu2+", "copper deficiency", "copper toxicity" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient used in photosynthetic electron transport and lignin formation; plants need only traces, and excess is toxic to roots.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/copper.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/copper.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "micronutrient", "copper-sulfate", "nutrient-toxicity", "immobile-nutrient", "chelate" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-copper" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-copper-sulfate", "slug": "copper-sulfate", "term": "Copper sulfate", "aka": [ "CuSO4", "copper sulphate", "blue vitriol", "bluestone", "CuSO4·5H2O" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), about 25.5% copper, supplies trace copper in micronutrient mixes and is toxic to roots in excess.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/copper-sulfate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/copper-sulfate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "copper", "sulfate", "micronutrient", "nutrient-toxicity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-copper", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-corn-earworm", "slug": "corn-earworm", "term": "Corn earworm", "aka": [ "budworm", "budworms", "bud worm", "Helicoverpa zea", "cotton bollworm", "tomato fruitworm", "CEW" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Helicoverpa zea, a moth caterpillar that bores into developing cannabis flowers outdoors, leaving frass that triggers bud rot; growers call it budworm.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/corn-earworm.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/corn-earworm.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "caterpillar", "bacillus-thuringiensis", "botrytis", "scouting", "action-threshold" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-caterpillars" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cotyledon", "slug": "cotyledon", "term": "Cotyledon", "aka": [ "cotyledons", "seed leaf", "seed leaves", "cotys" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "One of the two rounded seed leaves packed in the embryo that open first after germination and feed the seedling until the true leaves take over.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cotyledon.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cotyledon.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "true-leaves", "hypocotyl", "radicle", "achene" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-seedling-care" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-crawler", "slug": "crawler", "term": "Crawler", "aka": [ "crawlers", "mealybug crawler" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The mobile first-instar nymph of a mealybug or scale insect; the only stage without protective wax, so the stage contact sprays hit best.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/crawler.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/crawler.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "mealybug", "instar", "honeydew" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-mealybugs" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-crop-steering", "slug": "crop-steering", "term": "Crop steering", "aka": [ "crop-steering", "plant steering", "generative steering", "vegetative steering", "steering" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Crop steering adjusts irrigation timing, volume and dryback, along with climate, to push plants towards vegetative growth or generative (flowering) growth.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/crop-steering.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/crop-steering.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "dryback", "field-capacity", "drain-to-waste", "high-frequency-fertigation", "rockwool" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cross", "slug": "cross", "term": "Cross", "aka": [ "crosses", "crossed", "x (as in A x B)", "crossing" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A cross is the offspring of mating two different plants, written female x male, as \"A x B\"; one cross starts a line but is not one.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cross.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cross.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "f1", "line", "pollen-chucker", "breeder", "backcross" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-f1-f2-f3-explained", "kb-breeding-pollination-seed-production" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cultivar", "slug": "cultivar", "term": "Cultivar", "aka": [ "cultivars", "cultivated variety", "cv.", "variety", "varietal" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A cultivar (cultivated variety) is a group of cultivated plants selected for distinct, uniform and stable traits that are kept when propagated, by seed or by cuttings.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cultivar.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cultivar.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "strain", "chemovar", "clone-only", "landrace", "accession" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-why-strain-names-are-unreliable", "kb-breeding-record-keeping-naming-ethics" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cultural-control", "slug": "cultural-control", "term": "Cultural control", "aka": [ "cultural controls", "cultural practices", "prevention", "preventive measures", "environmental control of pests" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Pest and disease prevention by changing how the crop is grown, such as humidity, airflow, spacing, watering and cultivar choice, so pests and pathogens struggle to establish.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cultural-control.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cultural-control.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ipm", "sanitation", "biological-control", "powdery-mildew", "botrytis" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-sanitation-and-prevention", "kb-environment-airflow" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cultured-pearls", "slug": "cultured-pearls", "term": "Cultured Pearls", "aka": [ "Cultured Pearl", "purchased Pearls", "store credit Pearls" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "Cultured Pearls are GenetixBay Pearls bought with money, usable only as store credit in the GenetixBay store; they never transfer between members.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cultured-pearls.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cultured-pearls.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "pearls", "wild-pearls", "founding-member" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cured-resin", "slug": "cured-resin", "term": "Cured resin", "aka": [ "cured extract", "cured BHO", "cured-resin", "dried-material extract" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Cured resin is a solvent-based extract made from dried and cured cannabis rather than fresh frozen material, typically with a more aged, less bright aroma than live resin.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cured-resin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cured-resin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "live-resin", "solvent-based-extract", "shatter", "wax", "concentrate" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-curing", "slug": "curing", "term": "Curing", "aka": [ "cure", "the cure", "jar curing", "curing cannabis", "cured", "long cure" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Holding dried cannabis in sealed containers so its moisture declines slowly and evenly over weeks, improving smoothness and aroma.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/curing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/curing.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "burping", "water-activity", "equilibrium-relative-humidity", "humidity-pack", "hay-smell" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-curing-jar", "slug": "curing-jar", "term": "Curing jar", "aka": [ "cure jar", "curing jars", "mason jar", "glass jar", "jarring", "jarred" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "An airtight container, usually wide-mouth glass, used to cure and store dried cannabis; ideally filled about three-quarters and kept dark and cool.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/curing-jar.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/curing-jar.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "curing", "burping", "equilibrium-relative-humidity", "long-term-storage" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping", "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cut", "slug": "cut", "term": "Cut", "aka": [ "cuts", "a cut", "the cut", "cutting (slang)" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A cut is slang for a clone of one specific plant, used to mean that individual genotype, as in \"the original cut\".", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cut.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cut.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "cloning", "clone-only", "elite-cut", "keeper", "renamed-cut" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cut-trading", "slug": "cut-trading", "term": "Cut trading", "aka": [ "trading cuts", "clone trading", "cut trade", "clone swap" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Cut trading is growers exchanging clones of selected plants with each other, a traditional way rare genetics spread and are kept alive.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cut-trading.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cut-trading.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "cut", "elite-cut", "the-swap", "hop-latent-viroid", "quarantine" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation", "kb-diseases-sanitation-and-prevention" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cutting", "slug": "cutting", "term": "Cutting", "aka": [ "cuttings", "clipping", "slip", "unrooted cutting", "shoot cutting" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "A cutting is a piece of shoot, usually a tip with two or three nodes, removed from a plant so it can be rooted into a new, genetically identical plant.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cutting.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cutting.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cloning", "mother-plant", "rooting-hormone", "cloning-dome", "node" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cutworm", "slug": "cutworm", "term": "Cutworm", "aka": [ "cutworms", "black cutworm", "Agrotis ipsilon", "Agrotis" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Moth caterpillars of the family Noctuidae, such as the black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), that hide in soil by day and chew through seedling stems at night.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cutworm.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cutworm.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "caterpillar", "corn-earworm", "damping-off", "bacillus-thuringiensis", "steinernema-feltiae" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-caterpillars" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cyclamen-mite", "slug": "cyclamen-mite", "term": "Cyclamen mite", "aka": [ "cyclamen mites", "Phytonemus pallidus", "strawberry mite" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Phytonemus pallidus, a tarsonemid mite related to the broad mite that distorts new growth on many ornamentals; rarely reported on cannabis and often confused with broad mite.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cyclamen-mite.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cyclamen-mite.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "broad-mite", "hemp-russet-mite", "two-spotted-spider-mite", "quarantine" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-broad-russet-mites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cystolith-trichome", "slug": "cystolith-trichome", "term": "Cystolith trichome", "aka": [ "cystolith", "cystolithic hair", "non-glandular trichome", "non-glandular trichomes", "unicellular trichome", "covering trichome" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A non-glandular, claw-shaped hair on cannabis leaves that contains a calcium carbonate crystal (cystolith); it makes no resin.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cystolith-trichome.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cystolith-trichome.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "trichome", "bulbous-trichome", "leaflet" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-cytokinin", "slug": "cytokinin", "term": "Cytokinin", "aka": [ "cytokinins", "kinetin", "zeatin", "BAP", "6-benzylaminopurine" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A class of plant hormones made mainly in roots that promote cell division, shoot and side-bud growth, and delay leaf ageing.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cytokinin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/cytokinin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "auxin", "apical-dominance", "senescence", "axillary-bud" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-topping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-damping-off", "slug": "damping-off", "term": "Damping-off", "aka": [ "damping off", "dampening off", "seedling rot", "pre-emergence damping-off", "Rhizoctonia solani" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The collapse of seedlings or cuttings when soil-borne pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium rot the stem at the soil line.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/damping-off.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/damping-off.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "pythium", "fusarium-wilt", "cutworm", "sanitation", "root-rot" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-damping-off" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dank", "slug": "dank", "term": "Dank", "aka": [ "danky", "dankness", "the dank", "dank weed" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Dank is slang for strong-smelling, high-quality flower; originally it meant damp and musty, which in real cannabis is a warning sign.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dank.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dank.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "loud", "fire", "gas", "terps" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-darkness-before-harvest", "slug": "darkness-before-harvest", "term": "Darkness before harvest", "aka": [ "dark period before harvest", "48 hours of darkness", "72 hours dark", "pre-harvest darkness", "dark treatment", "lights off before harvest", "24-72 hours darkness" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "The practice of keeping plants in total darkness for 24-72 hours before cutting to boost resin; GenetixBay rates it a Myth and runs a standing challenge against it.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/darkness-before-harvest.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/darkness-before-harvest.md", "evidence": "myth", "related_terms": [ "harvest-window", "flushing", "photosynthesis", "trichome-ripeness" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness", "kb-harvest-cure-flush-debate" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-decarboxylation", "slug": "decarboxylation", "term": "Decarboxylation", "aka": [ "decarb", "decarbing", "decarboxylate", "decarboxylated", "decarbed" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Decarboxylation is the loss of a carboxyl group as CO2 that turns acid cannabinoids such as THCA and CBDA into neutral THC and CBD, quickly with heat, slowly with time.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/decarboxylation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/decarboxylation.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "thca", "thc", "acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids", "total-thc", "gas-chromatography" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-decriminalisation", "slug": "decriminalisation", "term": "Decriminalisation vs legalisation", "aka": [ "decriminalisation", "decriminalization", "legalisation", "legalization", "decrim" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Decriminalisation removes or reduces criminal penalties for some cannabis offences; legalisation creates a lawful framework for production, sale and use.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/decriminalisation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/decriminalisation.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "possession-limit", "home-grow", "licensed-producer", "grey-market", "scheduling" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-defensive-publication", "slug": "defensive-publication", "term": "Defensive publication", "aka": [ "defensive disclosure", "prior art publication", "publish to protect", "defensive publishing" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Defensive publication is publicly disclosing a plant, trait or method so it becomes prior art, preventing others from later patenting it as new.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/defensive-publication.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/defensive-publication.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "utility-patent", "open-source-seed", "gb-id", "open-research" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-patents-and-the-gene-pool", "kb-breeding-documenting-lineage-evidence" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-defoliation", "slug": "defoliation", "term": "Defoliation", "aka": [ "defoliating", "defol", "defoliate", "leaf stripping", "stripping fan leaves" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Defoliation is removing fan leaves from a plant to open the canopy to light and air; GenetixBay's house view is to tuck leaves rather than strip them.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/defoliation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/defoliation.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "lollipopping", "schwazzing", "tucking", "fan-leaf", "canopy" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-defoliation-lollipopping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-degree-day", "slug": "degree-day", "term": "Degree-day", "aka": [ "degree-days", "growing degree-day", "GDD", "heat units", "thermal time" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A unit of accumulated heat above a pest's lower developmental threshold; development finishes when a stage's degree-day total is reached, whatever the calendar says.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/degree-day.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/degree-day.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "developmental-threshold", "life-table", "generation-time" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth", "kb-pests-budworms-corn-earworm", "kb-pests-caterpillars" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dehumidifier", "slug": "dehumidifier", "term": "Dehumidifier", "aka": [ "dehumidifiers", "dehu", "dehumidification", "desiccant dehumidifier", "refrigerant dehumidifier" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "A dehumidifier removes water vapour from grow-room air, usually by condensing it on a cold coil; it is the main tool for controlling humidity in flower.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dehumidifier.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dehumidifier.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "relative-humidity", "vpd", "dew-point", "humidifier", "absolute-humidity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-humidity-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-delta-8-thc", "slug": "delta-8-thc", "term": "Delta-8 THC", "aka": [ "Δ8-THC", "delta 8", "d8", "delta-8", "delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Delta-8 THC is an isomer of THC with the double bond shifted one position; the plant makes only traces, so commercial delta-8 is semi-synthetic, usually converted from CBD.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/delta-8-thc.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/delta-8-thc.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "thc", "hhc", "cbd", "cannabinoid", "isolate" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-developmental-threshold", "slug": "developmental-threshold", "term": "Developmental threshold", "aka": [ "lower developmental threshold", "upper developmental threshold", "base temperature", "lower threshold", "upper threshold", "thermal threshold" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The temperatures below which (lower) and above which (upper) a pest's development stops or slows; they bound degree-day models.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/developmental-threshold.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/developmental-threshold.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "degree-day", "life-table", "diapause" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dew-point", "slug": "dew-point", "term": "Dew point", "aka": [ "dewpoint", "dew-point temperature", "Td", "condensation point" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Dew point is the temperature at which air becomes saturated and water starts condensing; when leaves or buds cool to it, free water forms and mould risk jumps.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dew-point.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dew-point.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "relative-humidity", "absolute-humidity", "vpd", "dif", "dehumidifier" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-humidity-by-stage", "kb-diseases-botrytis-bud-rot" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dialled-in", "slug": "dialled-in", "term": "Dialled in", "aka": [ "dialed in", "dialled-in", "dialed-in", "dial in", "dialling in" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Dialled in describes a grow, room or recipe tuned until results are consistent and near the plant's potential, run after run.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dialled-in.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dialled-in.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "vpd", "crop-steering", "grow-journal", "ppfd" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering", "kb-environment-vpd-explained" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-diamonds", "slug": "diamonds", "term": "Diamonds", "aka": [ "THCA diamonds", "THC diamonds", "THCA crystals", "diamonds and sauce", "crystalline THCA" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Diamonds are large crystals of THCA, typically grown out of a solvent extract and sold alone or in terpene-rich sauce; they are nearly pure THCA.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/diamonds.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/diamonds.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "sauce", "isolate", "thca", "live-resin", "solvent-based-extract" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-diapause", "slug": "diapause", "term": "Diapause", "aka": [ "overwintering diapause", "reproductive diapause", "diapausing females" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A programmed, hormone-controlled dormancy that a pest enters in response to cues such as short days and cool temperatures, ahead of bad conditions.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/diapause.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/diapause.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "developmental-threshold", "degree-day", "two-spotted-spider-mite" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth", "kb-pests-spider-mites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dif", "slug": "dif", "term": "DIF", "aka": [ "day-night temperature difference", "temperature differential", "positive DIF", "negative DIF", "temperature DIF", "day/night differential" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "DIF is day temperature minus night temperature; a larger positive DIF lengthens stems, while zero or negative DIF tends to keep plants shorter.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dif.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dif.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "temperature", "stretch", "cold-nights", "dew-point" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-temperature-by-stage", "kb-diagnosis-stretching" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-differential-diagnosis", "slug": "differential-diagnosis", "term": "Differential diagnosis", "aka": [ "diagnostic differential", "rule-out list" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "The method of listing every cause that could produce a symptom, then ruling causes out with cheap checks and tests until one or two remain.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/differential-diagnosis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/differential-diagnosis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chlorosis", "scouting", "grow-journal", "runoff-ec" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-how-to-diagnose-any-problem", "kb-diagnosis-lookalikes", "kb-diagnosis-how-to-describe-your-plants-problem" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dioecious", "slug": "dioecious", "term": "Dioecious", "aka": [ "dioecy", "dioecism", "separate sexes", "two-house plant" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "Having male and female flowers on separate individual plants; drug-type cannabis is naturally dioecious with an XY sex-chromosome system.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dioecious.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dioecious.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "monoecious", "hermaphrodite", "staminate-flower", "pistillate-flower" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-sex-male-female-hermaphrodite" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-diploid", "slug": "diploid", "term": "Diploid", "aka": [ "diploidy", "2n", "diploid plant" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A diploid organism carries two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent; normal cannabis is diploid with 2n = 20.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/diploid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/diploid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "polyploid", "chromosome", "allele", "homozygous", "heterozygous" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dissolved-oxygen", "slug": "dissolved-oxygen", "term": "Dissolved oxygen", "aka": [ "DO", "DO levels", "oxygen in solution", "O2 in water", "mg/L oxygen" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen gas held in water or nutrient solution, measured in mg/L, and roots need it to respire and take up nutrients.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dissolved-oxygen.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dissolved-oxygen.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "air-stone", "chiller", "dwc", "root-rot", "reservoir" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-dwc", "kb-diagnosis-root-browning-hydro" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-distillate", "slug": "distillate", "term": "Distillate", "aka": [ "THC distillate", "cannabis distillate", "distilled oil", "distillate oil" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Distillate is a highly refined cannabis oil in which cannabinoids, usually THC or CBD, have been separated from most other compounds by distillation, leaving a clear, almost odourless oil.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/distillate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/distillate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "isolate", "solvent-based-extract", "decarboxylation", "concentrate", "entourage-effect" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dli", "slug": "dli", "term": "DLI", "aka": [ "daily light integral", "daily light sum", "mol/m²/day", "mol/m2/d" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Daily light integral: the total number of PAR photons a square metre of canopy receives in one day, in mol/m²/day; PPFD multiplied by hours of light.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dli.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dli.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ppfd", "photoperiod", "light-intensity", "12-12", "18-6" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dominant", "slug": "dominant", "term": "Dominant", "aka": [ "dominance", "dominant allele", "complete dominance" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A dominant allele is one whose effect shows in the phenotype even when only one copy is present, masking the other (recessive) allele at that locus.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dominant.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dominant.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "recessive", "codominant", "allele", "heterozygous", "punnett-square" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-doubling-time", "slug": "doubling-time", "term": "Doubling time", "aka": [ "population doubling time" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The days an unchecked pest population needs to double, equal to ln 2 divided by r_m (0.693 / r_m).", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/doubling-time.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/doubling-time.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "intrinsic-rate-of-increase", "generation-time" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-downy-mildew", "slug": "downy-mildew", "term": "Downy mildew", "aka": [ "Pseudoperonospora cannabina", "Pseudoperonospora humuli", "downy mold", "DM" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "An oomycete leaf disease of cannabis, historically attributed to Pseudoperonospora cannabina, causing yellow patches above and grey-purple fuzz under leaves in cool, wet weather.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/downy-mildew.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/downy-mildew.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "powdery-mildew", "pythium", "leaf-spot", "sanitation" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-powdery-mildew" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-drain-to-waste", "slug": "drain-to-waste", "term": "Drain-to-waste", "aka": [ "drain to waste", "DTW", "run to waste", "open system", "free-draining fertigation" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Drain-to-waste fertigation feeds each plant fresh nutrient solution and lets the runoff leave the system rather than returning it to the reservoir.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drain-to-waste.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drain-to-waste.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "recirculating-system", "drip-irrigation", "crop-steering", "watering-to-runoff", "dryback" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering", "kb-ph-ec-runoff-testing" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-drip-irrigation", "slug": "drip-irrigation", "term": "Drip irrigation", "aka": [ "drip system", "drip feed", "drip emitters", "dripper", "drippers", "top-feed drip" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Drip irrigation delivers water or nutrient solution through tubing and emitters directly to each plant's medium, in measured amounts on a timer or controller.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drip-irrigation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drip-irrigation.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "fertigation", "drain-to-waste", "recirculating-system", "high-frequency-fertigation", "crop-steering" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-recirculating-drip", "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-drop", "slug": "drop", "term": "Drop", "aka": [ "seed drop", "drops", "new drop", "limited drop" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A drop is a seed or clone release, often limited and announced in advance, especially from popular breeders or seed vendors.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drop.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drop.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "restock", "hype-strain", "seed-bank", "test-grow" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dry-trim", "slug": "dry-trim", "term": "Dry trim", "aka": [ "dry trimming", "trimming dry", "dry-trimmed", "trim after drying", "brush trim" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Trimming sugar leaves after buds have dried, leaving the leaves on during the dry to slow it and protect the bud.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dry-trim.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dry-trim.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "wet-trim", "sugar-leaf", "hang-dry", "whole-plant-hang", "stem-snap-test" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dry-weight", "slug": "dry-weight", "term": "Dry weight", "aka": [ "dried weight", "final dry weight", "cured weight", "dry bud weight", "dry mass" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "The weight of cannabis after drying (and usually trimming), the basis growers use for yield; it is typically about 20-25% of trimmed wet weight.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dry-weight.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dry-weight.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "wet-weight", "moisture-content", "yield", "curing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dry-weight-basis", "slug": "dry-weight-basis", "term": "Dry-weight basis", "aka": [ "dry weight basis", "dry-weight vs as-received", "as-received basis", "as received", "dry basis", "DW basis", "wet weight basis" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "Dry-weight basis reports a result per gram of sample with its water removed, while as-received basis reports it per gram as delivered, water included; dry-weight figures are always higher.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dry-weight-basis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dry-weight-basis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "moisture-correction", "potency-testing", "coa", "label-inflation", "water-activity-test" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dryback", "slug": "dryback", "term": "Dryback", "aka": [ "dry-back", "dry back", "drybacks", "substrate dryback", "overnight dryback" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Dryback is the drop in a substrate's water content between irrigations, usually expressed as a percentage of its content at full saturation.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dryback.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dryback.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "crop-steering", "field-capacity", "wet-dry-cycle", "rockwool", "coco-coir" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering", "kb-systems-rockwool" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-drying-room", "slug": "drying-room", "term": "Drying room", "aka": [ "dry room", "drying space", "drying tent", "dry tent", "drying area" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "A dark, ventilated space where freshly harvested cannabis is dried under controlled temperature, humidity and gentle airflow, usually for 7-14 days.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drying-room.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/drying-room.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "hang-dry", "60-60-rule", "water-activity", "case-hardening", "terpene-loss" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying", "kb-environment-humidity-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dtpa", "slug": "dtpa", "term": "DTPA", "aka": [ "diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid", "DTPA chelate", "pentetic acid" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is a synthetic chelating agent that keeps iron available up to about pH 7.0-7.5, a common choice for coco and hydro.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dtpa.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dtpa.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chelate", "iron-chelate", "edta", "eddha", "iron" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-dwc", "slug": "dwc", "term": "DWC", "aka": [ "deep water culture", "deep-water culture", "bubble bucket", "DWC bucket" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "DWC (deep water culture) suspends a plant's roots in an aerated nutrient solution, typically in a bucket with a net pot lid and an air stone.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dwc.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/dwc.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "rdwc", "air-stone", "dissolved-oxygen", "net-pot", "chiller", "reservoir" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-dwc", "kb-diagnosis-root-browning-hydro" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ebb-and-flow", "slug": "ebb-and-flow", "term": "Ebb and flow", "aka": [ "flood and drain", "flood-and-drain", "ebb & flow", "ebb-and-flow", "flood table", "flood tray" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Ebb and flow (flood and drain) periodically floods a tray of potted plants with nutrient solution, then drains it back to a reservoir, pulling fresh air into the medium.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ebb-and-flow.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ebb-and-flow.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "recirculating-system", "clay-pebbles", "rockwool", "reservoir", "wet-dry-cycle" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-ebb-and-flow" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ec", "slug": "ec", "term": "EC", "aka": [ "electrical conductivity", "conductivity", "EC reading", "nutrient strength", "electroconductivity" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "EC (electrical conductivity) measures how well a solution conducts electricity, a proxy for total dissolved salts; growers read it in mS/cm to gauge nutrient strength.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ec.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ec.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ms-cm", "ppm500", "ppm700", "tds", "runoff-ec", "ec-meter" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-ec-ppm-scales", "kb-nutrients-feed-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ec-meter", "slug": "ec-meter", "term": "EC meter", "aka": [ "EC pen", "conductivity meter", "TDS pen", "ppm meter", "EC tester", "truncheon meter" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "An EC meter measures how well a solution conducts electricity, giving nutrient strength in mS/cm or as ppm via a conversion factor.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ec-meter.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ec-meter.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ec", "tds", "calibration-solution", "atc", "ph-meter" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-meter-calibration", "kb-ph-ec-ec-ppm-scales" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-eddha", "slug": "eddha", "term": "EDDHA", "aka": [ "EDDHA chelate", "ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid", "EDDHA iron", "red iron chelate" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "EDDHA is a strong iron chelate that stays effective up to pH 9 or more, used for alkaline soils and hard water; it colours solutions dark red.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eddha.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eddha.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chelate", "iron-chelate", "edta", "dtpa", "iron" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-edible", "slug": "edible", "term": "Edible", "aka": [ "edibles", "cannabis edible", "cannabis edibles", "infused food", "infused edibles", "gummies" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "An edible is a food or drink containing cannabinoids from an infused fat, tincture or concentrate; effects are reported to start later and last longer than inhaled cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/edible.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/edible.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "tincture", "distillate", "decarboxylation", "concentrate", "isolate" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-edta", "slug": "edta", "term": "EDTA", "aka": [ "ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid", "EDTA chelate", "Na2EDTA", "edetate" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is the most common synthetic chelating agent in fertilisers, effective for iron up to about pH 6.0-6.5.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/edta.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/edta.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chelate", "iron-chelate", "dtpa", "eddha", "iron" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-eighth", "slug": "eighth", "term": "Eighth", "aka": [ "8th", "an eighth", "eighths", "3.5", "3.5 g" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "An eighth is one-eighth of an ounce of cannabis, sold as 3.5 grams; it is the standard retail unit for flower in North America.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eighth.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eighth.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "gram", "ounce", "qp", "elbow" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-elbow", "slug": "elbow", "term": "Elbow", "aka": [ "pound", "lb", "elbows", "a pound" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Elbow is slang for a pound of cannabis, 16 ounces or about 454 grams, from the spoken abbreviation \"L-B\".", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/elbow.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/elbow.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "qp", "ounce", "gram", "yield" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-elite-cut", "slug": "elite-cut", "term": "Elite cut", "aka": [ "elite cuts", "elite clone", "elite clone-only", "clone-only elite", "elite" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "An elite cut is a famous, proven clone-only plant, often held by a few growers and traded rather than sold openly.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/elite-cut.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/elite-cut.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "cut", "clone-only", "cut-trading", "keeper", "stud-book" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation", "kb-genetics-history-same-cut-a-thousand-names" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-emerson-effect", "slug": "emerson-effect", "term": "Emerson effect", "aka": [ "Emerson enhancement effect", "Emerson enhancement", "red drop", "Emerson red drop" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "The Emerson effect is the jump in photosynthesis when far-red light (above 680 nm) is combined with shorter red light, exceeding the sum of each alone.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/emerson-effect.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/emerson-effect.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "far-red", "par", "red-far-red-ratio", "photosynthesis" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-entomopathogenic-fungi", "slug": "entomopathogenic-fungi", "term": "Entomopathogenic fungi", "aka": [ "insect-killing fungi", "mycoinsecticide", "fungal biopesticide", "Metarhizium", "Isaria fumosorosea", "Lecanicillium" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Fungi that infect and kill insects and mites through the cuticle; their spores need high humidity at the leaf surface to germinate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/entomopathogenic-fungi.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/entomopathogenic-fungi.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "beauveria-bassiana", "biological-control", "ipm" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth", "kb-pests-thrips", "kb-pests-whiteflies" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-entourage-effect", "slug": "entourage-effect", "term": "Entourage effect", "aka": [ "entourage", "ensemble effect", "whole-plant synergy", "full-spectrum effect", "cannabis synergy" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "The entourage effect is the hypothesis that cannabis compounds, especially cannabinoids and terpenes together, produce effects different from any single compound; human evidence remains contested.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/entourage-effect.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/entourage-effect.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "terpene", "cannabinoid", "terpene-profile", "isolate", "distillate" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-why-everything-tastes-the-same" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-epistasis", "slug": "epistasis", "term": "Epistasis", "aka": [ "epistatic", "epistatic interaction", "gene interaction", "gene-gene interaction" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Epistasis is an interaction between genes in which the effect of one gene depends on, or is masked by, alleles at another gene.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/epistasis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/epistasis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "dominant", "quantitative-trait", "heterosis", "gene", "pleiotropy" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-quantitative-traits-heritability" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-equilibrium-relative-humidity", "slug": "equilibrium-relative-humidity", "term": "Equilibrium relative humidity", "aka": [ "ERH", "equilibrium RH", "equilibrated RH", "jar RH", "sealed-jar RH" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "The relative humidity of the air in a sealed container once it has stopped exchanging moisture with the material inside; ERH / 100 equals the material's water activity.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/equilibrium-relative-humidity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/equilibrium-relative-humidity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "water-activity", "moisture-content", "curing", "burping" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-eriophyid-mite", "slug": "eriophyid-mite", "term": "Eriophyid mite", "aka": [ "eriophyid", "eriophyid mites", "Eriophyidae" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A family of microscopic, carrot-shaped mites with only two pairs of legs; includes the hemp russet mite, invisible without about 40-60x magnification.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eriophyid-mite.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eriophyid-mite.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hemp-russet-mite", "broad-mite", "predatory-mite" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-hemp-russet-mite", "kb-pests-broad-russet-mites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ethylene", "slug": "ethylene", "term": "Ethylene", "aka": [ "ethene", "C2H4", "ripening hormone", "ethylene gas" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A gaseous plant hormone that regulates ripening, senescence, stress responses and, in cannabis, female flower expression; blocking it makes females produce pollen.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ethylene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ethylene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "gibberellin", "senescence", "hermaphrodite", "abscisic-acid" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-feminised-seed-sex-reversal" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-eucalyptol", "slug": "eucalyptol", "term": "Eucalyptol", "aka": [ "1,8-cineole", "cineole", "cineol", "1,8-cineol", "eucalyptole" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) is a monoterpenoid ether with a cool, minty, camphor-like smell, the main compound in eucalyptus oil and a minor terpene in cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eucalyptol.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/eucalyptol.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "monoterpene", "terpenoid", "terpene-profile", "alpha-pinene" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-even-canopy", "slug": "even-canopy", "term": "Even canopy", "aka": [ "flat canopy", "level canopy", "uniform canopy", "canopy uniformity" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "An even canopy is one where all main tops sit at roughly the same height, so each receives similar light intensity and buds develop more uniformly.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/even-canopy.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/even-canopy.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "canopy", "lst", "scrog", "supercropping", "mainlining" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-lst", "kb-training-scrog" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-evidence-ladder", "slug": "evidence-ladder", "term": "Evidence ladder", "aka": [ "Established", "Supported", "Grower practice", "Contested", "Myth", "evidence labels" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "The GenetixBay evidence ladder labels every growing claim as Established, Supported, Grower practice, Contested or Myth, according to how strong the evidence is.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/evidence-ladder.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/evidence-ladder.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "evidence-levels-l0-l4", "mythbusters", "bay-trials", "open-research" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-flush-debate" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-evidence-levels-l0-l4", "slug": "evidence-levels-l0-l4", "term": "Evidence levels L0-L4", "aka": [ "L0", "L1", "L2", "L3", "L4", "lineage evidence levels", "GB-ID evidence levels" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "GenetixBay evidence levels rate lineage claims from L0 (unverified) through L1 community reported, L2 breeder reported and L3 documented to L4 lab-confirmed.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/evidence-levels-l0-l4.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/evidence-levels-l0-l4.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "gb-id", "evidence-ladder", "renamed-cut", "genotyping", "elite-cut" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-documenting-lineage-evidence", "kb-breeding-genotyping-what-tests-prove" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-exhaust-fan", "slug": "exhaust-fan", "term": "Exhaust fan", "aka": [ "inline fan", "extraction fan", "extractor fan", "duct fan", "exhaust", "inline duct fan" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "An exhaust fan pulls air out of the grow space through ducting, removing heat, humidity and odour and drawing in fresh air.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/exhaust-fan.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/exhaust-fan.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "cfm", "negative-pressure", "carbon-filter", "airflow" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-airflow" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-exotic", "slug": "exotic", "term": "Exotic", "aka": [ "exotics", "exotic strain", "exotic flower", "exotic genetics" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Exotic is retail slang for fashionable, high-priced cultivars with unusual flavours or colours; it describes marketing, not origin or proven genetics.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/exotic.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/exotic.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "zaza", "hype-strain", "top-shelf", "bag-appeal", "landrace" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-f1", "slug": "f1", "term": "F1", "aka": [ "F1 hybrid", "first filial generation", "F1 seed", "F1 hybrid seed", "F1s" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "F1 is the first generation of offspring from crossing two parents; if the parents are inbred and different, F1 plants are uniform and often show hybrid vigour.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/f1.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/f1.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "p1", "f2", "hybrid", "heterosis", "filial-generation", "inbred-line" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-f1-f2-f3-explained", "kb-breeding-inbreeding-depression-hybrid-vigour" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-f2", "slug": "f2", "term": "F2", "aka": [ "second filial generation", "F2 generation", "F2s", "F2 seed" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "F2 is the second filial generation, made by crossing or selfing F1 plants; it shows the widest segregation, bringing back hidden recessives and new combinations.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/f2.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/f2.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "f1", "filial-generation", "segregation", "pheno-hunt", "recessive" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-f1-f2-f3-explained", "kb-breeding-selection-pheno-hunting" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fabric-pot", "slug": "fabric-pot", "term": "Fabric pot", "aka": [ "fabric pots", "grow bag", "grow bags", "smart pot", "cloth pot", "felt pot" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "A fabric pot is a breathable, sewn felt or non-woven container that lets air and water through its walls, drying the medium faster and air-pruning roots.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fabric-pot.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fabric-pot.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "air-pot", "pot-size", "root-bound", "overwatering" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-soil", "kb-systems-coco" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fan-leaf", "slug": "fan-leaf", "term": "Fan leaf", "aka": [ "fan leaves", "fans", "water leaves", "shade leaves", "big leaves" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A large palmate cannabis leaf with several long leaflets on a long petiole; fan leaves do most of the plant's photosynthesis and carry few trichomes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fan-leaf.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fan-leaf.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "sugar-leaf", "leaflet", "petiole", "photosynthesis" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-defoliation-lollipopping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-far-red", "slug": "far-red", "term": "Far-red", "aka": [ "far red", "FR", "far-red light", "730 nm", "730nm" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Far-red is light from about 700 to 750 nm, just beyond visible red; it adds to canopy photosynthesis when mixed with other light and triggers shade responses like stretch.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/far-red.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/far-red.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "red-far-red-ratio", "emerson-effect", "par", "spectrum" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fecundity", "slug": "fecundity", "term": "Fecundity", "aka": [ "lifetime fecundity", "eggs per female", "oviposition rate" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The number of eggs or live young a female produces, per day or in her lifetime; a key life-table input.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fecundity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fecundity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "life-table", "intrinsic-rate-of-increase", "net-reproductive-rate", "sex-ratio" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-feed-chart", "slug": "feed-chart", "term": "Feed chart", "aka": [ "feeding chart", "feeding schedule", "nutrient schedule", "feed schedule", "nute schedule" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "A feed chart is a manufacturer's or grower's schedule of nutrient doses by week or stage; treat it as a ceiling to test against, not a rule.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/feed-chart.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/feed-chart.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "elemental-ppm", "a-b-nutrient", "per-element-dosing", "nutrient-burn", "bloom-booster" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-feed-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-feminised-seed", "slug": "feminised-seed", "term": "Feminised seed", "aka": [ "feminized seed", "feminised seeds", "feminized seeds", "feminised", "feminized" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Feminised seed is seed made by pollinating a female with pollen from another female (or itself) that was chemically reversed, so nearly every seed grows into a female.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/feminised-seed.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/feminised-seed.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "regular-seed", "sex-reversal", "sts", "s1", "xy-sex-determination" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-feminised-seed-sex-reversal", "kb-basics-seed-types-regular-feminised-auto-clone" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fems", "slug": "fems", "term": "Fems", "aka": [ "femmed seed", "fem seeds", "femmies", "fem", "femmed" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Fems is slang for feminised seed, made with pollen from a chemically sex-reversed female so nearly every plant grows female.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fems.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fems.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "feminised-seed", "regs", "sex-reversal", "herm-prone", "s1" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-feminised-seed-sex-reversal", "kb-basics-seed-types-regular-feminised-auto-clone" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fertigation", "slug": "fertigation", "term": "Fertigation", "aka": [ "fertigate", "fertigating", "feed and water", "nutrient irrigation" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Fertigation is delivering fertiliser dissolved in irrigation water, so plants are fed every time they are watered rather than through solid amendments.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fertigation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fertigation.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "drip-irrigation", "drain-to-waste", "high-frequency-fertigation", "hydroponics", "crop-steering" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-field-capacity", "slug": "field-capacity", "term": "Field capacity", "aka": [ "container capacity", "pot capacity", "water holding capacity", "drained upper limit" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Field capacity is the amount of water a medium holds after it has been saturated and allowed to drain freely; in pots it is called container capacity.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/field-capacity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/field-capacity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "dryback", "wet-dry-cycle", "air-filled-porosity", "crop-steering", "overwatering" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-filial-generation", "slug": "filial-generation", "term": "Filial generation", "aka": [ "filial", "F-generation", "F3", "F4", "F5", "Fn", "F-number" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Filial generations (F1, F2, F3 and on) count generations of offspring from an original cross, each made by crossing plants of the previous generation together.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/filial-generation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/filial-generation.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "p1", "f1", "f2", "ibl", "stabilisation", "segregation" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-f1-f2-f3-explained", "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fim", "slug": "fim", "term": "FIM", "aka": [ "FIMing", "FIM'ing", "fimming", "F.I.M.", "f*** I missed" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "FIM is a training cut that pinches off most, but not all, of a plant's newest growing tip, often producing three or four new main shoots instead of one.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fim.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fim.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "topping", "apical-dominance", "lst", "canopy" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-fim" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fire", "slug": "fire", "term": "Fire", "aka": [ "fire weed", "straight fire", "flames", "heat" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Fire is slang for excellent cannabis; it is enthusiasm, not a description of any measurable trait.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fire.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fire.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "dank", "loud", "zaza", "smoke-report" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-flavonoid", "slug": "flavonoid", "term": "Flavonoid", "aka": [ "flavonoids", "flavonols", "flavones", "plant flavonoids" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant compounds, including flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins, that colour and protect plant tissue; cannabis contains common ones plus cannabis-specific cannflavins.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flavonoid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flavonoid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cannflavin", "anthocyanin", "terpene", "cannabinoid" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-flip", "slug": "flip", "term": "Flip", "aka": [ "flipping", "flip to flower", "flipping to 12/12", "switch to flower", "flowering switch" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "The flip is switching a photoperiod plant from long vegetative days to a flowering light schedule, usually around 12 hours of light, to start flowering.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flip.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flip.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "veg-time", "stretch", "photoperiod", "12-12", "re-veg" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-life-cycle", "kb-environment-photoperiod-light-leaks" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-flowering-stage", "slug": "flowering-stage", "term": "Flowering stage", "aka": [ "flowering phase", "flower stage", "bloom", "bloom phase", "flowering period", "in flower" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The reproductive phase of the cannabis life cycle, from the switch to flowering until harvest, during which the plant stretches, builds buds and ripens resin.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flowering-stage.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flowering-stage.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "photoperiod", "autoflower", "pre-flower", "senescence", "harvest-window" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-life-cycle", "kb-nutrients-feed-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-flushing", "slug": "flushing", "term": "Flushing", "aka": [ "flush", "pre-harvest flush", "preharvest flush", "flushing before harvest", "final flush", "plain water flush", "flushed" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Feeding only plain water for days or weeks before harvest to \"clean\" the plant; GenetixBay rates it a Myth that harms yield, unlike a root-zone salt flush.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flushing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/flushing.md", "evidence": "myth", "related_terms": [ "root-zone-flush", "nitrogen-taper", "harvest-window", "senescence" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-flush-debate", "kb-nutrients-flushing" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fogponics", "slug": "fogponics", "term": "Fogponics", "aka": [ "fog-ponics", "fogponic", "ultrasonic aeroponics", "fogger system", "mist culture" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Fogponics is a form of aeroponics that bathes roots in a fog of nutrient solution made by ultrasonic foggers, with droplets far smaller than spray systems.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fogponics.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fogponics.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "aeroponics", "hpa", "reservoir", "root-zone" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-fogponics" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-foliar-feeding", "slug": "foliar-feeding", "term": "Foliar feeding", "aka": [ "foliar feed", "foliar spray", "foliar application", "foliar", "spraying leaves" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Foliar feeding is spraying a dilute nutrient solution onto leaves for quick uptake through the leaf surface; it suits micronutrient fixes but cannot replace root feeding.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/foliar-feeding.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/foliar-feeding.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "micronutrient", "magnesium-sulfate", "iron-chelate", "amino-acid-chelate", "urea" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-diseases-botrytis-bud-rot" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-foot-candle", "slug": "foot-candle", "term": "Foot-candle", "aka": [ "fc", "foot candle", "footcandle", "ft-c", "foot-candles" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "A foot-candle is an imperial unit of illuminance (one lumen per square foot, about 10.76 lux); like lux, it measures eye brightness, not plant-usable light.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/foot-candle.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/foot-candle.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "lux", "ppfd", "par" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-founder-effect", "slug": "founder-effect", "term": "Founder effect", "aka": [ "founder population", "founder effects", "founder event" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "The founder effect is the loss of genetic diversity when a new population is started from a few individuals, so it carries only a sample of the source population's alleles.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/founder-effect.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/founder-effect.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "genetic-bottleneck", "genetic-drift", "gene-pool", "landrace", "heirloom" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-how-hybrid-strains-emerged" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-founding-member", "slug": "founding-member", "term": "Founding Member", "aka": [ "Founding Members", "founding membership", "founding cohort", "Founding Member badge" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "A Founding Member is an early backer of GenetixBay who joins before launch, getting first access, a permanent badge and among the lowest numbers in the archive.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/founding-member.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/founding-member.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "pearls", "gb-id", "jardin", "bay-trials" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-foxtailing", "slug": "foxtailing", "term": "Foxtailing", "aka": [ "foxtails", "foxtail", "foxtailed buds", "spiky buds", "calyx stacking" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Foxtailing is the growth of new, elongated calyx spires on top of existing buds; it can be genetic, or a stress response to excess heat or light.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/foxtailing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/foxtailing.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "heat-stress", "light-stress", "ppfd", "temperature" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-foxtails", "kb-environment-heat-light-stress" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-frass", "slug": "frass", "term": "Frass", "aka": [ "insect frass", "caterpillar droppings", "insect droppings" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Insect excrement: the dark pellets left by caterpillars, the tiny black specks left by thrips, and the fine debris left by other feeders; finding it is a key sign of a hidden pest.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/frass.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/frass.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "caterpillar", "thrips", "scouting", "bud-rot-check" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-caterpillars", "kb-pests-thrips", "kb-diseases-botrytis-bud-rot" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-free-chlorine", "slug": "free-chlorine", "term": "Free chlorine", "aka": [ "chlorine (water treatment)", "residual chlorine", "hypochlorite", "hypochlorous acid", "chlorinated water" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "Free chlorine is the disinfectant (hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite) added to many tap waters; it dissipates from standing or aerated water within about a day.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/free-chlorine.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/free-chlorine.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chloramine", "tap-water", "ro-water" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-water-quality", "kb-nutrients-chlorine" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-freeze-drying", "slug": "freeze-drying", "term": "Freeze drying", "aka": [ "freeze-dried", "freeze dried cannabis", "lyophilisation", "lyophilization", "freeze dryer" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Drying fresh cannabis by freezing it and then removing ice under vacuum (sublimation) in hours or days; GenetixBay labels it Contested and does not recommend it.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/freeze-drying.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/freeze-drying.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "drying-room", "hang-dry", "curing", "terpene-loss" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fresh-frozen", "slug": "fresh-frozen", "term": "Fresh frozen", "aka": [ "fresh-frozen", "FF", "fresh frozen material", "frozen whole plant", "FFWP", "fresh frozen flower" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Fresh frozen is cannabis frozen immediately after harvest without drying or curing, used as starting material for live resin and live rosin to keep more volatile aroma.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fresh-frozen.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fresh-frozen.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "live-rosin", "live-resin", "bubble-hash", "terpene", "monoterpene" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-frosty", "slug": "frosty", "term": "Frosty", "aka": [ "frost", "frosted", "frosty buds", "caked", "covered" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Frosty describes flower densely covered in glandular trichomes, so it looks sugared or snow-dusted; it signals resin coverage, not exact potency.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/frosty.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/frosty.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "trichome", "bag-appeal", "sticky" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-full-melt", "slug": "full-melt", "term": "Full melt", "aka": [ "full-melt", "full melt hash", "FMH", "six-star hash", "6-star" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Full melt is the highest grade of solventless hash, so pure in trichome heads that it melts almost completely with little or no residue when heated.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/full-melt.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/full-melt.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "bubble-hash", "kief", "trichome-heads", "micron-bags", "solventless" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-full-spectrum", "slug": "full-spectrum", "term": "Full spectrum", "aka": [ "full-spectrum LED", "full spectrum light", "broad spectrum", "white LED spectrum", "sunlike spectrum" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Full spectrum is a marketing term for a grow light with broad output across the visible range, usually a white LED, sometimes with added red, far-red or UV.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/full-spectrum.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/full-spectrum.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "spectrum", "led", "far-red", "uv-a", "blue-light" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fulvic-acid", "slug": "fulvic-acid", "term": "Fulvic acid", "aka": [ "fulvic acids", "fulvates", "fulvic" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Fulvic acid is the small, soluble fraction of humic substances that stays dissolved at any pH and binds metal ions; its benefit in cannabis is largely unproven.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fulvic-acid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fulvic-acid.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "humic-acid", "chelate", "foliar-feeding", "biostimulant" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-organic-vs-mineral" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fungus-gnat", "slug": "fungus-gnat", "term": "Fungus gnat", "aka": [ "fungus gnats", "Bradysia", "sciarid fly", "sciarid", "soil gnats", "dark-winged fungus gnat" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Small dark flies of the genus Bradysia (family Sciaridae) whose larvae live in wet growing media, feeding on fungi, organic matter and young roots.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fungus-gnat.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fungus-gnat.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "shore-fly", "steinernema-feltiae", "stratiolaelaps-scimitus", "bti", "sticky-trap", "pythium" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-fungus-gnats" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-fusarium-wilt", "slug": "fusarium-wilt", "term": "Fusarium wilt", "aka": [ "Fusarium", "Fusarium oxysporum", "fusarium root rot", "Fusarium crown rot", "Fusarium solani" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A soil-borne fungal disease, chiefly Fusarium oxysporum, that blocks water-conducting tissue, causing one-sided yellowing, wilting and brown streaks inside the stem.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fusarium-wilt.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/fusarium-wilt.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "pythium", "root-rot", "damping-off", "sanitation", "quarantine" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-fusarium" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-gas", "slug": "gas", "term": "Gas", "aka": [ "gassy", "gas terps", "fuel", "fuely", "diesel funk" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Gas is slang for a sharp fuel, diesel or solvent-like aroma in cannabis, and by extension for any flower people rate highly.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gas.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gas.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "terps", "candy-terps", "loud", "zaza", "terpene" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-why-everything-tastes-the-same" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-gas-chromatography", "slug": "gas-chromatography", "term": "Gas chromatography", "aka": [ "GC", "GC-FID", "GC-MS", "gas chromatograph", "GC testing" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "Gas chromatography (GC) separates volatile compounds in a heated gas stream; it is used for terpenes and residual solvents and decarboxylates acid cannabinoids in its hot inlet.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gas-chromatography.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gas-chromatography.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hplc", "terpene-test", "residual-solvents", "decarboxylation", "acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-gb-id", "slug": "gb-id", "term": "GB-ID", "aka": [ "GB ID", "GBID", "GenetixBay ID", "GB-IDs", "GenetixBay identifier" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "A GB-ID is GenetixBay's permanent identifier, such as GB-GEN-0001842-6, for a genetic line, landrace, seed batch, plant, cut, grow, harvest, trial or document, so records never get lost or renamed.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gb-id.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gb-id.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "evidence-levels-l0-l4", "renamed-cut", "seed-to-sale-tracking", "stud-book", "grow-journal" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-documenting-lineage-evidence", "kb-breeding-record-keeping-naming-ethics" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-gene", "slug": "gene", "term": "Gene", "aka": [ "genes", "genetic factor", "hereditary unit" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A gene is a stretch of DNA that carries the instructions for one functional product, usually a protein such as an enzyme, and is the basic unit of inheritance.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "allele", "locus", "chromosome", "genotype", "mutation" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-gene-pool", "slug": "gene-pool", "term": "Gene pool", "aka": [ "gene pools", "genetic diversity", "allelic diversity", "shrinking gene pool", "narrowing gene pool" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "The gene pool is the total set of alleles present in a population, cultivar group or species; a narrow gene pool limits what breeders can select from.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gene-pool.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gene-pool.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "germplasm", "genetic-bottleneck", "genetic-drift", "landrace", "founder-effect" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-patents-and-the-gene-pool", "kb-genetics-history-why-everything-tastes-the-same" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-general-hardness", "slug": "general-hardness", "term": "General hardness", "aka": [ "GH", "dGH", "total hardness", "water hardness", "hard water", "permanent hardness" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "General hardness (GH) is the calcium and magnesium dissolved in water, expressed as mg/L CaCO3 or German degrees (dGH); hard water supplies some Ca and Mg.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/general-hardness.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/general-hardness.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "carbonate-hardness", "alkalinity", "tap-water", "ro-water", "cal-mag" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-water-quality", "kb-nutrients-cal-mag" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-generation-time", "slug": "generation-time", "term": "Generation time", "aka": [ "mean generation time", "generation length" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The average time from a female's birth to the birth of her offspring; at a set temperature it fixes how often a pest population multiplies.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/generation-time.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/generation-time.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "intrinsic-rate-of-increase", "degree-day", "life-table" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-genetic-bottleneck", "slug": "genetic-bottleneck", "term": "Genetic bottleneck", "aka": [ "bottleneck", "population bottleneck", "bottlenecked", "bottleneck effect" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A genetic bottleneck is a sharp drop in the number of breeding plants, after which the population carries only a fraction of its former genetic diversity.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genetic-bottleneck.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genetic-bottleneck.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "founder-effect", "genetic-drift", "gene-pool", "inbreeding-depression", "germplasm" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-patents-and-the-gene-pool", "kb-genetics-history-why-everything-tastes-the-same" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-genetic-drift", "slug": "genetic-drift", "term": "Genetic drift", "aka": [ "clone drift", "random genetic drift", "allele drift", "clone decline" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Genetic drift is random change in allele frequencies between generations of a seed population, strongest in small populations; clones do not drift this way.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genetic-drift.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genetic-drift.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "gene-pool", "genetic-bottleneck", "founder-effect", "somaclonal-variation", "mutation", "clone-only" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation", "kb-diseases-hop-latent-viroid-and-viruses" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-genotype", "slug": "genotype", "term": "Genotype", "aka": [ "genotypes", "genetic make-up", "genetic makeup", "genome type" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "The genotype is the set of alleles a plant actually carries, either at one locus or across its whole genome, as opposed to the traits you can see.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genotype.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genotype.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "phenotype", "allele", "cloning", "genotyping", "genotype-by-environment" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers", "kb-breeding-genotyping-what-tests-prove" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-genotype-by-environment", "slug": "genotype-by-environment", "term": "Genotype by environment interaction", "aka": [ "GxE", "G×E", "GxE interaction", "genotype-environment interaction", "phenotypic plasticity" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Genotype by environment interaction (GxE) is when different genotypes respond differently to the same change in conditions, so the best cultivar in one room may not be best in another.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genotype-by-environment.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genotype-by-environment.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "genotype", "phenotype", "heritability", "test-grow", "quantitative-trait" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-quantitative-traits-heritability" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-genotyping", "slug": "genotyping", "term": "Genotyping", "aka": [ "DNA test", "DNA testing", "genetic testing", "DNA fingerprinting", "genetic fingerprint", "genotype test" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Genotyping is reading a plant's DNA at selected markers to identify it, compare it with other plants, check sex or chemotype, or estimate its ancestry.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genotyping.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/genotyping.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "snp", "marker-assisted-selection", "genotype", "clone-only", "chemotype" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-genotyping-what-tests-prove", "kb-breeding-documenting-lineage-evidence" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-geraniol", "slug": "geraniol", "term": "Geraniol", "aka": [ "geranyl alcohol", "trans-geraniol", "lemonol" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Geraniol is a rosy, floral monoterpene alcohol made from geranyl pyrophosphate, found in rose and geranium oils and as a minor terpene in cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/geraniol.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/geraniol.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "geranyl-pyrophosphate", "linalool", "monoterpene", "terpenoid", "terpene-profile" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-geranyl-pyrophosphate", "slug": "geranyl-pyrophosphate", "term": "Geranyl pyrophosphate", "aka": [ "GPP", "geranyl diphosphate", "GDP (geranyl diphosphate)", "geranyl-PP" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) is a ten-carbon terpene precursor that cannabis uses both to build monoterpenes and, joined to olivetolic acid, to make the cannabinoid precursor CBGA.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/geranyl-pyrophosphate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/geranyl-pyrophosphate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "olivetolic-acid", "cbga", "monoterpene", "terpene", "terpenoid" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-germination", "slug": "germination", "term": "Germination", "aka": [ "germinate", "germinating", "germ", "popping seeds", "sprouting" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Germination is the stage where a viable seed absorbs water, splits its shell and pushes out a root (radicle), usually within 1-7 days at 20-30 °C.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/germination.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/germination.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "paper-towel-method", "seedling", "taproot", "damping-off" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-germination-methods", "kb-germination-seed-viability-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-germplasm", "slug": "germplasm", "term": "Germplasm", "aka": [ "germ plasm", "genetic resources", "plant genetic resources", "breeding material", "genetic material" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Germplasm is living genetic material (seeds, pollen, tissue or plants) kept for breeding, research or conservation, representing the genetic diversity of a crop.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/germplasm.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/germplasm.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "gene-pool", "accession", "landrace", "tissue-culture", "genetic-bottleneck" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-patents-and-the-gene-pool", "kb-breeding-clone-only-preservation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-gibberellin", "slug": "gibberellin", "term": "Gibberellin", "aka": [ "gibberellins", "GA", "GA3", "gibberellic acid" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "A family of plant hormones (gibberellins, GA) that promote stem elongation, seed germination and, in cannabis, can shift sex expression toward male flowers.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gibberellin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gibberellin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "auxin", "internode", "ethylene", "hermaphrodite" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-stretching", "kb-breeding-feminised-seed-sex-reversal" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-gram", "slug": "gram", "term": "Gram", "aka": [ "g", "grams", "a g", "gs" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A gram (g) is the base metric unit for weighing cannabis flower and concentrates; 28 g make a retail ounce and 3.5 g an eighth.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gram.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/gram.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "eighth", "ounce", "qp", "elbow", "dry-weight" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-grams-per-watt", "slug": "grams-per-watt", "term": "Grams per watt", "aka": [ "g/w", "gpw", "grams/watt", "gram per watt", "yield per watt" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Grams per watt (g/W) is dry flower yield divided by the electrical wattage of the grow lights, a rough measure of how efficiently a grow turns power into product.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grams-per-watt.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grams-per-watt.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "yield", "ppfd", "photon-efficacy", "dli" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-grasshopper", "slug": "grasshopper", "term": "Grasshopper", "aka": [ "grasshoppers", "Melanoplus", "Acrididae", "locust" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Plant-chewing insects of the family Acrididae, often Melanoplus species in North America, that strip leaves of outdoor cannabis in dry summers.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grasshopper.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grasshopper.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "caterpillar", "leafhopper", "scouting" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-greenhouse-growing", "slug": "greenhouse-growing", "term": "Greenhouse growing", "aka": [ "greenhouse", "greenhouse grow", "hoop house", "polytunnel", "mixed-light" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Greenhouse growing uses sunlight under a covered structure, adding varying degrees of control over temperature, humidity, light deprivation and supplemental lighting.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/greenhouse-growing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/greenhouse-growing.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "indoor-growing", "outdoor-growing", "light-deprivation", "dli" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-grey-market", "slug": "grey-market", "term": "Grey market", "aka": [ "gray market", "grey-market", "gray-market", "unregulated market", "legacy market" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "The grey market is cannabis supply outside the licensed system where use is legal or tolerated, or in a legal gap; it carries legal risk and no product oversight.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grey-market.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grey-market.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "decriminalisation", "licensed-producer", "compliance-testing", "home-grow" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-grow-journal", "slug": "grow-journal", "term": "Grow journal", "aka": [ "grow diary", "grow log", "grow journals", "grow diaries", "journal" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A grow journal is a dated record of a grow, with photos, environment, feeding, problems and results, used to learn, share and prove what happened.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grow-journal.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/grow-journal.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "gb-id", "smoke-report", "bay-trials", "dry-weight" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-documenting-lineage-evidence", "kb-basics-first-grow-guide" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-growing-medium", "slug": "growing-medium", "term": "Growing medium", "aka": [ "media", "medium", "substrate", "grow media", "growing media", "growing substrate" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "A growing medium (plural media) is the material roots grow in, such as soil, coco, rockwool or clay pebbles, which anchors the plant and holds water, air and sometimes nutrients.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/growing-medium.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/growing-medium.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "soil", "coco-coir", "rockwool", "soilless", "air-filled-porosity", "cation-exchange-capacity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-choosing-a-system" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-guaiol", "slug": "guaiol", "term": "Guaiol", "aka": [ "guaiac alcohol", "champacol", "guajol" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Guaiol is a sesquiterpene alcohol with a woody, piney, slightly rosy smell, named for guaiacum wood and present as a minor terpene in some cannabis cultivars.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/guaiol.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/guaiol.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "sesquiterpene", "terpenoid", "terpene-profile", "nerolidol" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-guaranteed-analysis", "slug": "guaranteed-analysis", "term": "Guaranteed analysis", "aka": [ "guaranteed minimum analysis", "label analysis", "fertiliser label", "oxide analysis" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "The guaranteed analysis is the legally required label statement of minimum nutrient content, giving P as P2O5 and K as K2O; multiply by 0.436 and 0.830 for elements.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/guaranteed-analysis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/guaranteed-analysis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "npk-ratio", "elemental-ppm", "phosphorus", "potassium", "feed-chart" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts", "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-guerrilla-grow", "slug": "guerrilla-grow", "term": "Guerrilla grow", "aka": [ "guerilla grow", "guerrilla growing", "guerilla growing", "guerrilla grower" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "A guerrilla grow is cannabis planted on land the grower does not own or control, typically wild or remote ground, a practice that is illegal in most places.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/guerrilla-grow.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/guerrilla-grow.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "outdoor-growing", "companion-planting", "hardening-off" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hang-dry", "slug": "hang-dry", "term": "Hang dry", "aka": [ "hang drying", "hanging to dry", "branch hang", "hanging buds", "drying line" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Drying harvested cannabis by hanging branches upside down in a dark, controlled room so buds dry slowly with even airflow around them.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hang-dry.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hang-dry.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "whole-plant-hang", "drying-room", "60-60-rule", "dry-trim", "case-hardening" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-haplodiploidy", "slug": "haplodiploidy", "term": "Haplodiploidy", "aka": [ "haplodiploid", "haplo-diploid" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A sex-determination system where males develop from unfertilised eggs with one chromosome set and females from fertilised eggs with two; found in mites, thrips and whiteflies.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/haplodiploidy.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/haplodiploidy.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "arrhenotoky", "sex-ratio", "pesticide-resistance" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth", "kb-pests-spider-mites", "kb-pests-thrips" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hardening-off", "slug": "hardening-off", "term": "Hardening off", "aka": [ "harden off", "hardening", "acclimatising", "acclimatizing", "acclimation" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Hardening off is gradually exposing plants raised indoors or under a dome to harsher conditions, such as sun, wind and lower humidity, so they adapt without shock.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hardening-off.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hardening-off.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cloning-dome", "transplanting", "outdoor-growing", "light-stress" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-transplanting" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-harvest-window", "slug": "harvest-window", "term": "Harvest window", "aka": [ "harvest time", "harvest timing", "when to harvest", "ripeness window", "harvest point" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "The span of days, often one to two weeks, in which a cannabis plant is ripe enough to cut, judged mainly by trichome head colour and bud development.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/harvest-window.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/harvest-window.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "trichome-ripeness", "jewelers-loupe", "pistil", "chop", "flowering-stage" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hash", "slug": "hash", "term": "Hash", "aka": [ "hash concentrate", "trichome concentrate", "resin concentrate", "hasj", "hashes" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Hash is any concentrate made by separating trichome heads from cannabis and collecting or pressing them, from dry sift and ice water hash to hand-rubbed charas.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hash.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hash.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hashish", "kief", "bubble-hash", "charas", "pressed-hash", "solventless" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-old-cannabis-was-not-weak" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hash-rosin", "slug": "hash-rosin", "term": "Hash rosin", "aka": [ "flower rosin vs hash rosin", "flower rosin", "bubble hash rosin", "ice water hash rosin", "hash-rosin" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Hash rosin is rosin pressed from hash, usually ice water hash, rather than from flower; it is cleaner and typically higher in quality than flower rosin.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hash-rosin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hash-rosin.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "rosin", "live-rosin", "bubble-hash", "solventless", "kief" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hashish", "slug": "hashish", "term": "Hashish", "aka": [ "haschisch", "haschich", "traditional hashish", "traditional hash", "hachís" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Hashish is the traditional pressed resin concentrate of cannabis, made for centuries by sieving or rubbing trichome heads from plants and compressing them into blocks or balls.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hashish.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hashish.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hash", "charas", "temple-ball", "pressed-hash", "kief" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-old-cannabis-was-not-weak", "kb-genetics-history-landraces-of-the-world" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hay-smell", "slug": "hay-smell", "term": "Hay smell", "aka": [ "smells like hay", "grassy smell", "hay-like smell", "smells like cut grass", "green smell" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "A grassy, hay-like aroma in dried cannabis caused by drying too fast, over-drying or bacterial activity; in GenetixBay's view it never fully cures out.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hay-smell.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hay-smell.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "curing", "drying-room", "over-drying", "chlorophyll", "terpene-loss" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-drying", "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-haze", "slug": "haze", "term": "Haze", "aka": [ "hazes", "haze strains", "hazy", "haze family" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Haze is a generic name for a family of long-flowering, narrow-leaflet hybrids built from tropical landrace material, known for sharp, spicy, incense-like aroma.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/haze.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/haze.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "kush", "skunk", "landrace" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-how-hybrid-strains-emerged", "kb-genetics-history-landraces-of-the-world" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-heady", "slug": "heady", "term": "Heady", "aka": [ "heady glass", "heady culture", "heady weed", "heady shit", "heady scene" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Heady is slang for things made with exceptional craft and care, from hand-blown glass to small-batch flower; it signals artisan quality and insider culture.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heady.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heady.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "connoisseur", "fire", "zaza" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-heat-stress", "slug": "heat-stress", "term": "Heat stress", "aka": [ "heat stressed", "heat damage", "high temperature stress", "heat burn", "too hot" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Heat stress is damage or slowed growth when leaf or canopy temperature rises above what the plant can handle, typically above about 30–32 °C (86–90 °F) in cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heat-stress.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heat-stress.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "temperature", "leaf-temperature", "light-stress", "foxtailing", "vpd" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-heat-light-stress", "kb-environment-temperature-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-heavy-metals-panel", "slug": "heavy-metals-panel", "term": "Heavy metals panel", "aka": [ "heavy metals test", "heavy metal testing", "metals panel", "ICP-MS", "lead arsenic cadmium mercury", "heavy metals" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "A heavy metals panel measures toxic elements, usually lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury, in a cannabis sample, typically by ICP-MS, against regulatory action limits.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heavy-metals-panel.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heavy-metals-panel.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "pesticide-panel", "coa", "lod", "batch" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-water-quality" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-heirloom", "slug": "heirloom", "term": "Heirloom", "aka": [ "heirloom line", "heirloom seed", "heritage line", "heritage seed", "heirloom strain" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "An heirloom is a seed line kept and passed down by growers for decades, usually outside its region of origin, preserving an older type rather than a recent hybrid.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heirloom.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heirloom.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "landrace", "open-pollinated", "accession", "gene-pool", "seed-run" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-polyhybrids-vs-landraces", "kb-genetics-history-landraces-of-the-world" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hemp", "slug": "hemp", "term": "Hemp", "aka": [ "industrial hemp", "hemp plant", "hemp cultivar", "fibre hemp", "fiber hemp" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Hemp is cannabis grown for fibre, seed or other uses and, in many laws, defined as Cannabis sativa with no more than 0.3% THC by dry weight.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hemp.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hemp.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "marijuana", "total-thc", "compliance-testing", "monoecious", "chemotype" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-indica-sativa-ruderalis", "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hemp-russet-mite", "slug": "hemp-russet-mite", "term": "Hemp russet mite", "aka": [ "russet mite", "russet mites", "Aculops cannabicola", "HRM", "rust mite" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Aculops cannabicola, a microscopic eriophyid mite specific to cannabis that causes upward leaf curl, bronzing and dull, greasy-looking trichomes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hemp-russet-mite.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hemp-russet-mite.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "broad-mite", "two-spotted-spider-mite", "quarantine", "scouting", "sulfur-burner" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-broad-russet-mites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-heritability", "slug": "heritability", "term": "Heritability", "aka": [ "heritable", "h2", "broad-sense heritability", "narrow-sense heritability" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Heritability is the share of a trait's variation within a population that is due to genetic differences rather than environment, on a scale from 0 to 1.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heritability.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heritability.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "quantitative-trait", "selection", "phenotype", "genotype-by-environment", "progeny-test" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-quantitative-traits-heritability" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-herm-threshold", "slug": "herm-threshold", "term": "Herm threshold", "aka": [ "2% herm threshold", "Verified under 2% herm rate", "herm screening", "herm rate threshold", "hermaphrodite threshold", "2 percent herm rule", "herm rate" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "The herm threshold is GenetixBay's two-tier herm standard: a 10-plant screening grow with zero herms to be featured, then about 150 or more community-grown plants before a line can be Verified under 2% herm rate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/herm-threshold.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/herm-threshold.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "herm-prone", "nanners", "bay-lines", "seed-club", "test-grow" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-hermaphrodites", "kb-breeding-seed-germination-testing-qc" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-herm-prone", "slug": "herm-prone", "term": "Herm-prone", "aka": [ "herm prone", "hermy", "hermie-prone", "herm tendency", "herm-y" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Herm-prone describes a line whose plants often produce intersex flowers; GenetixBay treats this as a breeding fault and a reason not to breed from it.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/herm-prone.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/herm-prone.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "nanners", "hermaphrodite", "herm-threshold", "pollen-chucker", "s1" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-hermaphrodites", "kb-breeding-s1-selfing" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hermaphrodite", "slug": "hermaphrodite", "term": "Hermaphrodite", "aka": [ "hermie", "herm", "hermaphroditic", "intersex", "intersex plant", "hermaphroditism" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "In cannabis growing, a plant (usually female) that develops both pistillate and staminate flowers or anthers; botanists call it intersex or monoecious expression.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hermaphrodite.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hermaphrodite.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "dioecious", "monoecious", "anther", "staminate-flower", "s1" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-hermaphrodites", "kb-basics-sex-male-female-hermaphrodite" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-heterosis", "slug": "heterosis", "term": "Heterosis", "aka": [ "hybrid vigour", "hybrid vigor", "heterotic", "F1 vigour", "hybrid vitality" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Heterosis (hybrid vigour) is the tendency of offspring from genetically different parents to outgrow or outperform both parents in traits such as vigour and yield.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heterosis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heterosis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "f1", "hybrid", "inbreeding-depression", "outcross", "inbred-line" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-inbreeding-depression-hybrid-vigour" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-heterozygous", "slug": "heterozygous", "term": "Heterozygous", "aka": [ "heterozygote", "heterozygosity", "heterozygotes", "het" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A plant is heterozygous at a locus when it carries two different alleles there (Aa), so its offspring can inherit either one and segregate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heterozygous.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/heterozygous.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "homozygous", "allele", "segregation", "f1", "heterosis" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hhc", "slug": "hhc", "term": "HHC", "aka": [ "hexahydrocannabinol", "hydrogenated THC", "HHC-O" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "HHC (hexahydrocannabinol) is a hydrogenated derivative of THC, found only in traces in the plant; products sold as HHC are semi-synthetic, made by chemically converting other cannabinoids.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hhc.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hhc.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "delta-8-thc", "thc", "cbd", "cannabinoid", "distillate" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-high-frequency-fertigation", "slug": "high-frequency-fertigation", "term": "High-frequency fertigation", "aka": [ "HFF", "high frequency fertigation", "high-frequency feeding", "pulse feeding" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "High-frequency fertigation feeds small volumes of nutrient solution many times a day, keeping the root zone consistently moist and fed so small pots can produce large plants.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/high-frequency-fertigation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/high-frequency-fertigation.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "fertigation", "pot-size", "coco-coir", "drip-irrigation", "dryback" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-drain-to-waste-crop-steering", "kb-systems-coco" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hoagland-solution", "slug": "hoagland-solution", "term": "Hoagland solution", "aka": [ "Hoagland's solution", "Hoagland nutrient solution", "Hoagland and Arnon solution", "half-strength Hoagland" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Hoagland solution is a classic 1950 hydroponic recipe by Hoagland and Arnon, still used as a research baseline: about 210 ppm N, 31 P, 235 K and 200 Ca.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hoagland-solution.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hoagland-solution.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "elemental-ppm", "stock-solution", "calcium-nitrate", "potassium-nitrate", "per-element-dosing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts", "kb-nutrients-feed-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-holocyclic", "slug": "holocyclic", "term": "Holocyclic and anholocyclic", "aka": [ "holocyclic", "anholocyclic", "holocycle", "anholocycle" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Aphid life cycles with (holocyclic) or without (anholocyclic) a yearly sexual generation that lays overwintering eggs.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/holocyclic.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/holocyclic.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "parthenogenesis", "aphid", "alate" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids", "kb-pests-cannabis-aphid", "kb-pests-root-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-home-grow", "slug": "home-grow", "term": "Home grow", "aka": [ "home cultivation", "homegrow", "growing at home", "home growing", "personal grow" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Home grow is growing cannabis for personal use at your residence, permitted in some jurisdictions within plant-count, location and security limits.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/home-grow.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/home-grow.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "personal-cultivation-limit", "plant-count-limit", "possession-limit", "decriminalisation" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-first-grow-guide" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-homogenisation", "slug": "homogenisation", "term": "Homogenisation (sampling)", "aka": [ "homogenization", "sample homogenisation", "sample homogenization", "sampling", "representative sampling", "sample prep", "composite sample" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "Homogenisation is grinding and mixing a sample so every portion the lab tests represents the whole; together with representative sampling it often matters more than the instrument.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/homogenisation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/homogenisation.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "batch", "potency-testing", "measurement-uncertainty", "coa", "lab-shopping" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-homozygous", "slug": "homozygous", "term": "Homozygous", "aka": [ "homozygote", "homozygosity", "homozygotes" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A plant is homozygous at a locus when it carries two identical alleles there (AA or aa), so it passes the same allele to every offspring.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/homozygous.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/homozygous.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "heterozygous", "allele", "true-breeding", "ibl", "inbred-line" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation", "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-honeydew", "slug": "honeydew", "term": "Honeydew", "aka": [ "honey dew" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The sugary liquid excreted by sap-feeding insects such as aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs and soft scales; it makes leaves sticky and feeds sooty mould.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/honeydew.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/honeydew.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "aphid", "whitefly", "mealybug" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids", "kb-pests-whiteflies", "kb-pests-mealybugs" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hop-latent-viroid", "slug": "hop-latent-viroid", "term": "Hop latent viroid", "aka": [ "HLVd", "hop latent viroid disease", "dudding", "dudding disease", "duds", "dudded plants" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "HLVd, a small infectious RNA that spreads through sap and tools, causing stunting, brittle stems, small loose buds and reduced resin in cannabis; called dudding.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hop-latent-viroid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hop-latent-viroid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "viroid", "plant-virus", "sanitation", "quarantine", "biological-control" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-hop-latent-viroid-and-viruses" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hopperburn", "slug": "hopperburn", "term": "Hopperburn", "aka": [ "hopper burn", "leafhopper burn" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Yellowing and browning that starts at leaf tips and margins in a V shape, caused by potato leafhopper feeding blocking leaf veins.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hopperburn.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hopperburn.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "leafhopper", "scouting" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-leafhoppers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-horticultural-oil", "slug": "horticultural-oil", "term": "Horticultural oil", "aka": [ "horticultural oils", "mineral oil", "paraffinic oil", "summer oil", "dormant oil", "plant oil spray" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A refined petroleum or plant oil sprayed to smother soft-bodied pests and eggs and suppress powdery mildew on contact; used only on foliage, never on flowers.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/horticultural-oil.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/horticultural-oil.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "neem-oil", "insecticidal-soap", "contact-vs-systemic", "sulfur-burner", "scale-insect" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-spider-mites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hpa", "slug": "hpa", "term": "HPA", "aka": [ "high-pressure aeroponics", "high pressure aeroponics", "HP aero", "true aeroponics", "HPA aeroponics" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "HPA (high-pressure aeroponics) mists roots with very fine droplets from a high-pressure pump and accumulator, giving maximum aeration but little margin for failure.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hpa.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hpa.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "aeroponics", "fogponics", "root-zone", "dissolved-oxygen" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-hpa-aeroponics" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hplc", "slug": "hplc", "term": "HPLC", "aka": [ "high-performance liquid chromatography", "high pressure liquid chromatography", "HPLC-UV", "HPLC-DAD", "UHPLC", "liquid chromatography" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) separates compounds dissolved in a liquid under pressure; it is the standard cannabis potency method because it measures acid cannabinoids without heating them.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hplc.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hplc.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "potency-testing", "gas-chromatography", "lc-ms", "acid-vs-neutral-cannabinoids", "loq" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hps", "slug": "hps", "term": "HPS", "aka": [ "high-pressure sodium", "high pressure sodium", "sodium lamp", "DE HPS", "double-ended HPS", "SE HPS" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "HPS (high-pressure sodium) is a gas-discharge lamp with orange-yellow light peaking near 589 nm; it was the standard flowering light before LEDs.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hps.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hps.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "led", "metal-halide", "cmh", "led-vs-hps", "photon-efficacy" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum", "kb-environment-heat-light-stress" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hst", "slug": "hst", "term": "HST", "aka": [ "high-stress training", "high stress training", "high stress techniques" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "HST (high-stress training) covers training methods that deliberately cut, crush or break plant tissue, such as topping, FIM and supercropping, to reshape growth.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hst.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hst.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "lst", "topping", "fim", "supercropping", "monster-cropping" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-hst-supercropping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-humic-acid", "slug": "humic-acid", "term": "Humic acid", "aka": [ "humic acids", "humates", "humic substances", "potassium humate", "leonardite extract" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Humic acid is a large, dark organic fraction of decomposed matter that binds nutrients and may modestly aid root growth; effects in cannabis are small and inconsistent.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humic-acid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humic-acid.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "fulvic-acid", "chelate", "organic-fertiliser", "biostimulant" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-organic-vs-mineral" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-humidifier", "slug": "humidifier", "term": "Humidifier", "aka": [ "humidifiers", "ultrasonic humidifier", "evaporative humidifier", "mister", "fogger" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "A humidifier adds water vapour to the air to raise relative humidity, used mostly for clones, seedlings and veg, or dry climates.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humidifier.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humidifier.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "relative-humidity", "vpd", "dehumidifier", "ro-water" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-humidity-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-humidity-pack", "slug": "humidity-pack", "term": "Humidity pack", "aka": [ "humidity packs", "two-way humidity pack", "two-way humidity control", "humidity sachet", "62% pack", "58% pack", "humidity control pack" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "A salt-solution sachet sold to hold a sealed container at a fixed relative humidity; GenetixBay regards them as a marketing gimmick that robs terpenes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humidity-pack.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humidity-pack.md", "evidence": "myth", "related_terms": [ "curing", "burping", "water-activity", "terpene-loss" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-curing-burping", "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-humulene", "slug": "humulene", "term": "Humulene", "aka": [ "alpha-humulene", "α-humulene", "alpha-caryophyllene", "α-caryophyllene" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Humulene (alpha-humulene) is a woody, earthy, hop-like sesquiterpene, an isomer of beta-caryophyllene that usually appears alongside it in cannabis profiles.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humulene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/humulene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "beta-caryophyllene", "sesquiterpene", "terpene-profile", "terpene" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hybrid", "slug": "hybrid", "term": "Hybrid", "aka": [ "hybrids", "hybrid strain", "hybridisation", "hybridization", "crossbred" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A hybrid is the offspring of two genetically different parents; almost all modern cannabis is hybrid, built from crosses between landrace-derived and other lines.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hybrid.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hybrid.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "f1", "polyhybrid", "heterosis", "cross", "landrace", "indica" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-how-hybrid-strains-emerged", "kb-breeding-polyhybrids-vs-landraces" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hydrogen-peroxide", "slug": "hydrogen-peroxide", "term": "Hydrogen peroxide", "aka": [ "H2O2", "H₂O₂", "peroxide", "food-grade peroxide", "hydrogen peroxide reservoir" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an oxidising sanitiser used to clean hydroponic equipment and reservoirs; it breaks down quickly into water and oxygen and kills beneficial microbes too.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hydrogen-peroxide.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hydrogen-peroxide.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "sterile-reservoir", "beneficial-microbe-reservoir", "dissolved-oxygen", "root-rot" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-root-rot-pythium", "kb-diseases-sanitation-and-prevention" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hydroponics", "slug": "hydroponics", "term": "Hydroponics", "aka": [ "hydro", "hydroponic", "hydroponic growing", "water culture", "hydroponically" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Hydroponics is growing plants without soil, feeding roots a complete mineral nutrient solution either directly in water or through an inert medium.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hydroponics.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hydroponics.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "soilless", "dwc", "nft", "drain-to-waste", "recirculating-system", "reservoir" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-choosing-a-system" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hype-strain", "slug": "hype-strain", "term": "Hype strain", "aka": [ "hype strains", "hyped strain", "flavour of the month", "fotm strain", "hype cut" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A hype strain is a cultivar name in heavy demand because of marketing or social media, regardless of how stable or distinctive the genetics are.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hype-strain.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hype-strain.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "drop", "renamed-cut", "pollen-chucker", "candy-terps", "bag-appeal" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-why-strain-names-are-unreliable", "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-hypocotyl", "slug": "hypocotyl", "term": "Hypocotyl", "aka": [ "seedling stem", "hypocotyl stem", "stem below the cotyledons" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The section of seedling stem between the root and the cotyledons; it elongates to lift the seed leaves above the medium.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hypocotyl.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/hypocotyl.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "cotyledon", "radicle", "true-leaves", "phytochrome" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-germination-seedling-care", "kb-diagnosis-stretching" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ibl", "slug": "ibl", "term": "IBL", "aka": [ "IBLs", "in-bred line", "stabilised line", "stabilized line", "stable line" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "An IBL (inbred line) is a seed line that has been inbred and selected over many generations until it breeds true for its main traits, giving uniform offspring.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ibl.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ibl.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "inbred-line", "true-breeding", "stabilisation", "homozygous", "f1", "line-breeding" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-immobile-nutrient", "slug": "immobile-nutrient", "term": "Immobile nutrient", "aka": [ "immobile nutrients", "immobile elements", "non-mobile nutrient", "phloem-immobile nutrient" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "An immobile nutrient stays where it is first deposited, so its deficiency shows on young leaves and growing tips first: Ca, S, Fe, Mn, B, Cu.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/immobile-nutrient.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/immobile-nutrient.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "mobile-nutrient", "calcium", "iron", "boron", "nutrient-deficiency" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-mobile-vs-immobile-nutrients", "kb-diagnosis-yellow-new-growth" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-inbred-line", "slug": "inbred-line", "term": "Inbred line", "aka": [ "inbred lines", "inbreeding", "inbred population", "inbreeding coefficient" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Inbreeding is mating between related plants, which raises homozygosity; an inbred line is the resulting population, measured by the inbreeding coefficient F.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/inbred-line.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/inbred-line.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ibl", "inbreeding-depression", "homozygous", "selfing", "sib-cross", "line-breeding" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-inbreeding-depression-hybrid-vigour", "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-inbreeding-depression", "slug": "inbreeding-depression", "term": "Inbreeding depression", "aka": [ "inbreeding decline", "inbred depression", "loss of vigour from inbreeding" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Inbreeding depression is the loss of vigour, fertility, yield or survival that follows mating between relatives, mainly because harmful recessive alleles become homozygous.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/inbreeding-depression.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/inbreeding-depression.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "inbred-line", "selfing", "heterosis", "outcross", "recessive", "genetic-bottleneck" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-inbreeding-depression-hybrid-vigour", "kb-breeding-s1-selfing" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-independent-assortment", "slug": "independent-assortment", "term": "Independent assortment", "aka": [ "law of independent assortment", "Mendel's second law", "free assortment" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Independent assortment is Mendel's rule that alleles of genes on different chromosomes are passed to gametes independently of each other, creating new trait combinations.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/independent-assortment.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/independent-assortment.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "segregation", "linkage", "mendelian-inheritance", "punnett-square", "chromosome" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-indica", "slug": "indica", "term": "Indica", "aka": [ "Cannabis indica", "C. indica", "indica-dominant", "indicas", "broad-leaf" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Indica is a popular label for broad-leaflet, compact, faster-flowering cannabis plants; it describes plant shape at most, not a separate species or a predictable effect.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/indica.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/indica.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "sativa", "hybrid", "phenotype", "landrace", "chemovar" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-indica-sativa-ruderalis" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-indoor-growing", "slug": "indoor-growing", "term": "Indoor growing", "aka": [ "indoor", "indoor grow", "grow room", "indoors" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Indoor growing is cultivating cannabis entirely under artificial light in a tent or room, giving full control over light, climate and photoperiod.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/indoor-growing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/indoor-growing.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "outdoor-growing", "greenhouse-growing", "ppfd", "vpd", "perpetual-harvest" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-first-grow-guide" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-input-ec", "slug": "input-ec", "term": "Input EC", "aka": [ "feed EC", "EC in", "inflow EC", "reservoir EC", "feed strength" ], "category": "ph-ec", "category_name": "pH, EC and water", "short": "Input EC is the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution going into the pot or system, in mS/cm, including the base EC of the source water.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/input-ec.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/input-ec.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "runoff-ec", "ec", "ro-water", "tap-water" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-ph-ec-runoff-testing", "kb-nutrients-feed-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-insecticidal-soap", "slug": "insecticidal-soap", "term": "Insecticidal soap", "aka": [ "insecticidal soaps", "potassium salts of fatty acids", "soap spray", "potassium soap", "fatty acid soap" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Potassium salts of fatty acids sprayed to kill soft-bodied pests such as aphids, mites and whitefly nymphs on contact by disrupting their cell membranes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/insecticidal-soap.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/insecticidal-soap.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "horticultural-oil", "neem-oil", "contact-vs-systemic", "aphid", "two-spotted-spider-mite" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-instar", "slug": "instar", "term": "Instar", "aka": [ "instars", "larval instar", "nymphal instar", "first instar", "early instar" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A developmental stage between two moults of an insect larva or nymph; control tactics often work only on early instars.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/instar.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/instar.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "crawler", "life-table", "bacillus-thuringiensis" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-caterpillars", "kb-pests-budworms-corn-earworm" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-internode", "slug": "internode", "term": "Internode", "aka": [ "internodes", "internodal spacing", "internode length", "node spacing" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "The length of stem between two adjacent nodes; short internodes mean compact plants and tight bud stacking, long ones mean stretch.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/internode.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/internode.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "node", "gibberellin", "phytochrome", "stretch" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-stretching", "kb-environment-light-spectrum" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-interveinal-chlorosis", "slug": "interveinal-chlorosis", "term": "Interveinal chlorosis", "aka": [ "interveinal yellowing", "green veins yellow leaf", "yellow between the veins" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "Yellowing of the leaf tissue between the veins while the veins themselves stay green; on old leaves it points to magnesium, on new leaves to iron or manganese.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/interveinal-chlorosis.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/interveinal-chlorosis.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "chlorosis", "magnesium", "iron", "manganese", "mobile-nutrient", "immobile-nutrient" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-magnesium", "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-nutrients-manganese", "kb-diagnosis-lookalikes" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-intrinsic-rate-of-increase", "slug": "intrinsic-rate-of-increase", "term": "Intrinsic rate of increase (r_m)", "aka": [ "r_m", "rm", "intrinsic rate of natural increase", "per-capita growth rate" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "The per-day rate at which an unchecked pest population multiplies under set conditions, from a life table; N(t) = N0 x e^(r_m x t).", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/intrinsic-rate-of-increase.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/intrinsic-rate-of-increase.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "life-table", "net-reproductive-rate", "generation-time", "doubling-time", "fecundity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth", "kb-pests-spider-mites", "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-introgression", "slug": "introgression", "term": "Introgression", "aka": [ "introgressed", "introgressive hybridisation", "introgressive hybridization", "gene flow", "trait introgression" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Introgression is the movement of genes from one population or type into another through hybridisation followed by repeated backcrossing.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/introgression.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/introgression.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "backcross", "linkage", "landrace", "gene-pool", "outcross" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation", "kb-genetics-history-why-everything-tastes-the-same" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-inverse-square-law", "slug": "inverse-square-law", "term": "Inverse square law", "aka": [ "inverse-square law", "inverse square rule", "1/r² law", "light distance rule" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "The inverse square law says light from a point source falls with the square of distance; grow fixtures are not point sources, so it only roughly predicts PPFD.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/inverse-square-law.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/inverse-square-law.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ppfd", "light-intensity", "led", "hps" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage", "kb-environment-heat-light-stress" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ipm", "slug": "ipm", "term": "IPM", "aka": [ "integrated pest management", "integrated pest and disease management", "IPDM", "integrated pest control" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Integrated pest management: preventing and controlling pests by combining monitoring, prevention, cultural, biological and, as a last resort, chemical tools against set action thresholds.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ipm.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ipm.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "scouting", "action-threshold", "biological-control", "cultural-control", "quarantine", "sanitation" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-sanitation-and-prevention", "kb-diagnosis-how-to-diagnose-any-problem" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ir-thermometer", "slug": "ir-thermometer", "term": "IR thermometer", "aka": [ "infrared thermometer", "IR gun", "temp gun", "laser thermometer", "thermal camera" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "An IR (infrared) thermometer reads surface temperature from emitted infrared radiation; growers use it to measure leaf temperature for leaf VPD.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ir-thermometer.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ir-thermometer.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "leaf-temperature", "leaf-vpd", "vpd", "temperature" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-vpd-explained" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-iron", "slug": "iron", "term": "Iron", "aka": [ "Fe", "Fe2+", "Fe3+", "iron deficiency", "Fe deficiency" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "Iron (Fe) is an immobile micronutrient needed to make chlorophyll and run electron transport; deficiency yellows new leaves between green veins.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/iron.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/iron.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "micronutrient", "immobile-nutrient", "iron-chelate", "edta", "dtpa", "eddha" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-diagnosis-yellow-new-growth" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-iron-chelate", "slug": "iron-chelate", "term": "Iron chelate", "aka": [ "chelated iron", "Fe chelate", "Fe-EDTA", "Fe-DTPA", "Fe-EDDHA", "iron EDTA" ], "category": "nutrients", "category_name": "Nutrients", "short": "An iron chelate is iron bound to an organic molecule (EDTA, DTPA or EDDHA) that keeps it dissolved and available; each type holds up to a different pH.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/iron-chelate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/iron-chelate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "iron", "chelate", "edta", "dtpa", "eddha" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-iron", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-iso-17025", "slug": "iso-17025", "term": "ISO/IEC 17025", "aka": [ "ISO 17025", "ISO/IEC 17025:2017", "17025 accreditation", "lab accreditation", "accredited lab", "ISO accreditation" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "ISO/IEC 17025 is the international standard for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories; accreditation to it shows a lab's specific methods have been independently assessed.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/iso-17025.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/iso-17025.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "proficiency-testing", "measurement-uncertainty", "coa", "lab-shopping", "potency-testing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-isolate", "slug": "isolate", "term": "Isolate", "aka": [ "CBD isolate", "THCA isolate", "cannabinoid isolate", "crystalline isolate", "crystalline", "99% isolate" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "An isolate is a concentrate refined to one cannabinoid at very high purity, often 99% or more, usually a white crystalline powder such as CBD or THCA isolate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/isolate.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/isolate.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "distillate", "diamonds", "cbd", "thca", "entourage-effect" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-jardin", "slug": "jardin", "term": "Jardin", "aka": [ "Jardin grow system", "GenetixBay Jardin", "Jardin controller", "Jardin hub" ], "category": "genetixbay", "category_name": "GenetixBay terms", "short": "Jardin is GenetixBay's grow system in development: a controller and sensor kit for logging and climate control, with per-element custom nutrient dosing.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/jardin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/jardin.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "per-element-dosing", "vpd", "nitrogen-taper", "grow-journal", "professor-greenleaf" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-nutrients-per-element-tricks", "kb-nutrients-hydroponic-salts" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-jewelers-loupe", "slug": "jewelers-loupe", "term": "Jeweler's loupe", "aka": [ "jewellers loupe", "jeweller's loupe", "loupe", "jewelers loupe", "pocket microscope", "trichome scope" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "A small handheld magnifier, typically 30-60x for cannabis use, used to inspect trichome heads and spot pests and male flowers.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/jewelers-loupe.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/jewelers-loupe.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "trichome-ripeness", "harvest-window", "trichome" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-trichome-ripeness" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-keeper", "slug": "keeper", "term": "Keeper", "aka": [ "keepers", "keeper pheno", "keeper plant", "keeper cut" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A keeper is a plant from a seed hunt good enough to be kept alive as a clone or mother for future runs or breeding.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/keeper.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/keeper.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "pheno", "pheno-hunt", "cut", "mother-plant", "selection" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-selection-pheno-hunting" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-kief", "slug": "kief", "term": "Kief", "aka": [ "dry sift", "keef", "kif", "dry-sift", "crystals (kief)" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Kief is the loose, powdery collection of trichome heads that falls or is sifted off dried cannabis through fine screens; it is the simplest solventless concentrate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/kief.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/kief.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "trichome-heads", "hash", "pressed-hash", "solventless", "micron-bags" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-kratky", "slug": "kratky", "term": "Kratky method", "aka": [ "kratky", "Kratky hydroponics", "passive hydroponics", "non-circulating hydroponics", "set and forget hydro" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "The Kratky method is a passive hydroponic system with no pumps: plants sit above a container of solution, and a growing air gap forms as the level drops.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/kratky.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/kratky.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "dwc", "hydroponics", "net-pot", "dissolved-oxygen" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-kratky" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-kush", "slug": "kush", "term": "Kush", "aka": [ "kushes", "Hindu Kush", "kush strains", "kushy" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Kush is a generic name for cannabis tied to landrace material from the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan and Pakistan, and now for its many hybrid descendants.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/kush.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/kush.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "landrace", "og", "haze", "skunk" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-landraces-of-the-world", "kb-genetics-history-indica-sativa-ruderalis" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-lab-shopping", "slug": "lab-shopping", "term": "Lab shopping", "aka": [ "lab-shopping", "shopping for labs", "potency shopping", "lab hopping", "testing shopping" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "Lab shopping is the practice of choosing testing labs because they report higher potency or more passing results, rather than because they are most accurate.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lab-shopping.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lab-shopping.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "label-inflation", "potency-ceiling", "coa", "proficiency-testing", "measurement-uncertainty" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-label-inflation", "slug": "label-inflation", "term": "Label inflation", "aka": [ "inflated labels", "THC inflation", "potency inflation", "inflated THC", "label accuracy", "juiced numbers" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "Label inflation is the gap between the potency printed on cannabis packaging and what independent testing finds, a documented, mostly upward bias in retail THC claims.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/label-inflation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/label-inflation.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "lab-shopping", "potency-ceiling", "total-thc", "coa", "dry-weight-basis" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims", "kb-genetics-history-old-cannabis-was-not-weak" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-labelling-requirements", "slug": "labelling-requirements", "term": "Labelling requirements", "aka": [ "labeling requirements", "cannabis labels", "label rules", "product labelling", "packaging labels" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "Labelling requirements are the legal rules on what cannabis packages must and must not show, such as potency, warnings, lot number and dates.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/labelling-requirements.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/labelling-requirements.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "child-resistant-packaging", "compliance-testing", "irradiation", "total-thc" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-buyer-beware-label-claims" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-lacewing", "slug": "lacewing", "term": "Lacewing", "aka": [ "lacewings", "green lacewing", "Chrysoperla", "Chrysoperla carnea", "Chrysoperla rufilabris", "aphid lion" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Insects of the family Chrysopidae, mainly Chrysoperla species, whose larvae are general predators of aphids, thrips, mite eggs and young caterpillars.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lacewing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lacewing.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ladybird", "aphid", "aphidius", "biological-control", "thrips" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-ladybird", "slug": "ladybird", "term": "Ladybird", "aka": [ "ladybug", "ladybugs", "ladybirds", "lady beetle", "convergent lady beetle", "Hippodamia convergens", "Coccinellidae", "mealybug destroyer" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Predatory beetles of the family Coccinellidae, such as Hippodamia convergens, whose adults and larvae eat aphids and other soft-bodied pests.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ladybird.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/ladybird.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "aphid", "lacewing", "aphidius", "biological-control", "mealybug" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-aphids" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-landrace", "slug": "landrace", "term": "Landrace", "aka": [ "landraces", "land race", "landrace strain", "landrace variety", "traditional variety" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A landrace is a traditional, locally adapted cannabis population kept by farmers in one region over many generations, with its own type and plenty of internal variation.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/landrace.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/landrace.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "heirloom", "open-pollinated", "gene-pool", "accession", "introgression", "hybrid" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-landraces-of-the-world", "kb-breeding-polyhybrids-vs-landraces" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-landrace-hunter", "slug": "landrace-hunter", "term": "Landrace hunter", "aka": [ "landrace hunting", "landrace hunters", "seed hunter", "genetics hunter" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A landrace hunter travels to cannabis-growing regions to collect seed from local farmer populations, ideally with consent, credit and benefit-sharing for source communities.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/landrace-hunter.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/landrace-hunter.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "landrace", "biopiracy", "benefit-sharing", "nagoya-protocol", "prior-informed-consent" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-landrace-hunting-and-biopiracy", "kb-genetics-history-landraces-of-the-world" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-larf", "slug": "larf", "term": "Larf", "aka": [ "larfy", "larf buds", "lurf", "fluff" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "Larf is small, airy, underdeveloped buds from the lower, shaded parts of a plant, usually low in density and weight.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/larf.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/larf.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "popcorn-buds", "lollipopping", "canopy", "nugs" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-defoliation-lollipopping", "kb-training-scrog" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-lc-ms", "slug": "lc-ms", "term": "LC-MS", "aka": [ "LC-MS/MS", "LCMS", "liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry", "LC-QQQ", "tandem mass spectrometry" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "LC-MS couples liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, identifying compounds by mass as well as retention time; it is used for pesticides, mycotoxins and detailed cannabinoid profiling.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lc-ms.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lc-ms.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "hplc", "pesticide-panel", "mycotoxins", "lod", "gas-chromatography" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-leaf-clawing", "slug": "leaf-clawing", "term": "Leaf clawing", "aka": [ "the claw", "claw leaves", "clawed leaves", "eagle claw" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "Leaves whose tips hook sharply downward like a claw, usually on dark green leaves; a classic sign of excess nitrogen, and also seen with waterlogged roots.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-clawing.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-clawing.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "nitrogen", "overwatering", "nutrient-toxicity", "ammonium" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diagnosis-clawing-leaves", "kb-diagnosis-lookalikes" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-leaf-spot", "slug": "leaf-spot", "term": "Leaf spot", "aka": [ "leaf spots", "leaf spot disease", "Alternaria", "brown leaf spot", "fungal leaf spot" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Any disease that causes discrete dead spots on leaves; on cannabis, mainly fungi such as Septoria cannabis and Alternaria, plus some bacteria.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-spot.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-spot.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "septoria-leaf-spot", "downy-mildew", "sanitation", "scouting" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-diseases-septoria-leaf-spot", "kb-diagnosis-rust-spots" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-leaf-temperature", "slug": "leaf-temperature", "term": "Leaf temperature", "aka": [ "leaf temp", "leaf surface temperature", "canopy temperature", "leaf temperature offset" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Leaf temperature is the actual surface temperature of a leaf, which often differs from air temperature by 1–3 °C depending on light source and transpiration.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-temperature.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-temperature.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "leaf-vpd", "ir-thermometer", "temperature", "led-vs-hps", "heat-stress" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-vpd-explained", "kb-environment-temperature-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-leaf-vpd", "slug": "leaf-vpd", "term": "Leaf VPD", "aka": [ "LVPD", "leaf vapor pressure deficit", "leaf vapour pressure deficit", "leaf-to-air VPD", "leaf-air VPD" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Leaf VPD is the vapour pressure deficit between the inside of a leaf, at leaf temperature, and the surrounding air; it is what actually drives transpiration.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-vpd.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaf-vpd.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "vpd", "leaf-temperature", "ir-thermometer", "relative-humidity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-vpd-explained" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-leafhopper", "slug": "leafhopper", "term": "Leafhopper", "aka": [ "leafhoppers", "Cicadellidae", "beet leafhopper", "Circulifer tenellus", "hoppers" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Small wedge-shaped jumping insects of the family Cicadellidae that suck plant sap; the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) spreads beet curly top virus to hemp.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leafhopper.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leafhopper.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "beet-curly-top-virus", "plant-virus", "sticky-trap", "aphid" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-leaflet", "slug": "leaflet", "term": "Leaflet", "aka": [ "leaflets", "leaf blade", "finger", "fingers", "leaf fingers" ], "category": "plant-biology", "category_name": "Plant biology", "short": "One of the separate serrated blades that make up a palmate cannabis leaf; a mature fan leaf typically has five to eleven leaflets.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaflet.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leaflet.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "fan-leaf", "petiole", "serration", "true-leaves" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-basics-cannabis-plant-biology" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-leafminer", "slug": "leafminer", "term": "Leafminer", "aka": [ "leafminers", "leaf miner", "leaf miners", "Liriomyza", "agromyzid fly" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "Insect larvae, on cannabis mainly Liriomyza fly maggots (family Agromyzidae), that tunnel between the leaf surfaces, leaving pale winding trails.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leafminer.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/leafminer.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "thrips", "scouting", "sticky-trap", "sanitation" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-led", "slug": "led", "term": "LED", "aka": [ "LEDs", "light-emitting diode", "LED grow light", "LED fixture", "quantum board", "LED bars" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "An LED (light-emitting diode) grow light uses solid-state diodes to produce light; modern fixtures are the most efficient grow lights, at roughly 2.5–3 µmol/J.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/led.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/led.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "photon-efficacy", "hps", "led-vs-hps", "spectrum", "full-spectrum" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum", "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-led-vs-hps", "slug": "led-vs-hps", "term": "LED vs HPS", "aka": [ "LED versus HPS", "HPS vs LED", "LED or HPS", "LED vs HID" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "LED vs HPS is the debate over whether LED or high-pressure sodium lights grow better cannabis; LEDs are clearly more efficient, while final-quality differences remain an open question.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/led-vs-hps.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/led-vs-hps.md", "evidence": "contested", "related_terms": [ "led", "hps", "photon-efficacy", "leaf-temperature" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-light-spectrum", "kb-environment-heat-light-stress" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-licensed-producer", "slug": "licensed-producer", "term": "Licensed producer", "aka": [ "LP", "LPs", "licensed grower", "licensed cultivator", "licensed producers", "commercial licence holder" ], "category": "legal", "category_name": "Legal and regulatory", "short": "A licensed producer is a business authorised by a regulator to grow, process or sell cannabis commercially, subject to security, tracking, testing and labelling rules.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/licensed-producer.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/licensed-producer.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "seed-to-sale-tracking", "compliance-testing", "labelling-requirements", "irradiation", "home-grow" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-life-table", "slug": "life-table", "term": "Life table", "aka": [ "life tables", "fertility life table", "age-stage life table", "demographic parameters" ], "category": "pests-diseases", "category_name": "Pests and diseases", "short": "A record of survival and egg-laying at each age for a cohort of pests at set conditions, from which development time, fecundity and r_m are calculated.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/life-table.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/life-table.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "intrinsic-rate-of-increase", "net-reproductive-rate", "generation-time", "fecundity" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-pests-temperature-humidity-and-pest-population-growth" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-light-compensation-point", "slug": "light-compensation-point", "term": "Light compensation point", "aka": [ "compensation point", "LCP", "light compensation" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "The light compensation point is the PPFD at which a leaf's photosynthesis exactly balances its respiration, so net carbon gain is zero.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-compensation-point.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-compensation-point.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "light-saturation-point", "ppfd", "lollipopping", "dli" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage", "kb-training-defoliation-lollipopping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-light-deprivation", "slug": "light-deprivation", "term": "Light deprivation", "aka": [ "light dep", "light-dep", "dep", "blackout", "forced flowering" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Light deprivation (light dep) covers greenhouse or outdoor plants with blackout material to give long nights, forcing photoperiod plants to flower earlier than the natural season.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-deprivation.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-deprivation.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "greenhouse-growing", "outdoor-growing", "flip", "photoperiod" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-photoperiod-light-leaks" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-light-intensity", "slug": "light-intensity", "term": "Light intensity", "aka": [ "intensity", "light level", "light strength", "how much light" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Light intensity is how much photosynthetic light reaches the plants per unit area and time, measured as PPFD in µmol/m²/s; it is the biggest light lever on yield.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-intensity.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-intensity.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ppfd", "dli", "light-saturation-point", "inverse-square-law" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-light-leak", "slug": "light-leak", "term": "Light leak", "aka": [ "light leaks", "light pollution", "dark period interruption", "night interruption", "light leaking" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "A light leak is unwanted light entering the grow space during the dark period; in flower it can delay or disrupt flowering in photoperiod cannabis.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-leak.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-leak.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "12-12", "photoperiod", "hermaphrodite", "13-11" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-photoperiod-light-leaks", "kb-diagnosis-hermaphrodites" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-light-saturation-point", "slug": "light-saturation-point", "term": "Light saturation point", "aka": [ "saturation point", "LSP", "light saturation", "photosynthetic saturation" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "The light saturation point is the PPFD above which photosynthesis stops rising; for cannabis it is unusually high and moves upwards with CO2 and temperature.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-saturation-point.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-saturation-point.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ppfd", "light-compensation-point", "co2-enrichment", "light-stress" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-ppfd-dli-by-stage", "kb-environment-co2-enrichment" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-light-stress", "slug": "light-stress", "term": "Light stress", "aka": [ "light burn", "light bleaching", "bleaching", "photobleaching", "white tops", "light damage" ], "category": "environment-light", "category_name": "Environment and light", "short": "Light stress is damage when leaves or buds absorb more light than they can use or dissipate, showing as bleached white or yellow tops nearest the fixture.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-stress.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/light-stress.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "ppfd", "heat-stress", "light-saturation-point", "foxtailing" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-environment-heat-light-stress" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-limonene", "slug": "limonene", "term": "Limonene", "aka": [ "d-limonene", "(+)-limonene", "limonine", "lemonene" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Limonene is a monoterpene with a citrus aroma, found in citrus peel and many cannabis cultivars, where it is often among the top three terpenes.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/limonene.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/limonene.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "terpene", "monoterpene", "terpene-profile", "myrcene", "beta-caryophyllene", "valencene" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-genetics-history-why-everything-tastes-the-same" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-linalool", "slug": "linalool", "term": "Linalool", "aka": [ "linalol", "linolool", "beta-linalool", "linalyl alcohol" ], "category": "chemistry", "category_name": "Cannabinoids and terpenes", "short": "Linalool is a floral, lavender-scented monoterpene alcohol found in lavender and some cannabis cultivars, usually at low levels below 0.3% w/w.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/linalool.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/linalool.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "terpenoid", "monoterpene", "terpene-profile", "geraniol", "bisabolol" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-line", "slug": "line", "term": "Line", "aka": [ "lines", "seed line", "genetic line", "breeding line" ], "category": "slang-culture", "category_name": "Grower slang and culture", "short": "A line is a population of plants descended from chosen parents and maintained over generations under one name, with recorded lineage.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/line.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/line.md", "evidence": null, "related_terms": [ "cross", "ibl", "breeder", "gb-id", "bay-lines" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation", "kb-breeding-documenting-lineage-evidence" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-line-breeding", "slug": "line-breeding", "term": "Line breeding", "aka": [ "linebreeding", "line-bred", "line breed", "line work" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Line breeding is a mild form of inbreeding in which plants are mated within a family, often back towards one outstanding ancestor, to concentrate its traits while limiting inbreeding.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/line-breeding.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/line-breeding.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "inbred-line", "backcross", "ibl", "sib-cross", "selection" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-linkage", "slug": "linkage", "term": "Linkage", "aka": [ "genetic linkage", "linked genes", "linkage drag", "linked traits" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "Linkage is the tendency of genes that sit close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together, rather than independently.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/linkage.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/linkage.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "independent-assortment", "locus", "chromosome", "qtl", "marker-assisted-selection", "introgression" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-backcrossing-ibl-stabilisation" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-live-resin", "slug": "live-resin", "term": "Live resin", "aka": [ "live extract", "live hydrocarbon extract", "live BHO", "live-resin" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Live resin is a solvent-based cannabis extract made from fresh frozen plant material instead of dried and cured flower, to retain more volatile aroma compounds.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/live-resin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/live-resin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "live-rosin", "cured-resin", "fresh-frozen", "solvent-based-extract", "sauce", "diamonds" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-live-rosin", "slug": "live-rosin", "term": "Live rosin", "aka": [ "live hash rosin", "LHR", "fresh frozen rosin", "live-rosin" ], "category": "processing", "category_name": "Processing", "short": "Live rosin is rosin pressed from ice water hash made from fresh frozen plants, preserving more of the volatile aroma of the living plant; it is solventless.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/live-rosin.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/live-rosin.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "rosin", "hash-rosin", "fresh-frozen", "bubble-hash", "live-resin", "solventless" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-living-soil", "slug": "living-soil", "term": "Living soil", "aka": [ "living organic soil", "LOS", "living soil bed", "soil food web", "beneficial soil biology" ], "category": "systems", "category_name": "Systems and media", "short": "Living soil is an organic growing medium managed to sustain an active soil food web, so microbes and invertebrates release nutrients and the soil is reused across cycles.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/living-soil.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/living-soil.md", "evidence": "supported", "related_terms": [ "no-till", "super-soil", "top-dressing", "mycorrhizae", "compost-tea" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-systems-living-soil" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-locus", "slug": "locus", "term": "Locus", "aka": [ "loci", "gene locus", "genetic locus" ], "category": "genetics-breeding", "category_name": "Genetics and breeding", "short": "A locus is the fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or DNA marker sits; the plural is loci.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/locus.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/locus.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "gene", "allele", "chromosome", "qtl", "linkage" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-breeding-mendelian-genetics-for-growers" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-lod", "slug": "lod", "term": "LOD", "aka": [ "limit of detection", "detection limit", "MDL", "method detection limit" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "The LOD (limit of detection) is the lowest amount of a compound a method can reliably tell apart from zero, but not necessarily measure accurately.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lod.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lod.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "loq", "non-detect", "measurement-uncertainty", "pesticide-panel", "coa" ], "related_articles": [], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-lollipopping", "slug": "lollipopping", "term": "Lollipopping", "aka": [ "lollipop", "lollipopped", "lolli-popping", "under-canopy pruning", "bottom stripping" ], "category": "cultivation-training", "category_name": "Cultivation and training", "short": "Lollipopping removes the lower branches and small shoots on a plant, usually around the flip, so energy goes to the top buds and airflow improves underneath.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lollipopping.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/lollipopping.md", "evidence": "grower_practice", "related_terms": [ "defoliation", "schwazzing", "bud-site", "canopy", "tucking" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-training-defoliation-lollipopping" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-long-term-storage", "slug": "long-term-storage", "term": "Long-term storage", "aka": [ "cannabis storage", "storing cannabis", "stash storage", "storing buds", "long term storage" ], "category": "harvest-cure", "category_name": "Harvest, drying and curing", "short": "Keeping cured cannabis for months or years with minimal loss, by holding it cool, dark, airtight and at a stable water activity of about 0.55-0.65.", "url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/long-term-storage.html", "markdown_url": "https://genetixbay.com/knowledge/glossary/long-term-storage.md", "evidence": "established", "related_terms": [ "water-activity", "terpene-loss", "curing", "humidity-pack" ], "related_articles": [ "kb-harvest-cure-long-term-storage" ], "reviewed": "draft", "updated": "2026-10-31" }, { "id": "kb-term-loq", "slug": "loq", "term": "LOQ", "aka": [ "limit of quantitation", "limit of quantification", "quantitation limit", "reporting limit" ], "category": "lab-testing", "category_name": "Lab testing", "short": "The LOQ (limit of quantitation) is the lowest concentration a method can measure with acceptable accuracy and precision; below it a result is reported as